History of Reading
Which 2 theorists focused on external stimuli and behaviors?
Skinner and Pavlov
What is the difference between group vs individual literacy assessments?
Group is standardized and more efficient
Individual is a closer observation but more time consuming
What are expressive disorders?
Unable to communicate thoughts and ideas to others
Proficient readers vs struggling readers
Proficient readers focus on comprehension
Struggling readers focus on decoding words
Words in different languages share roots
Cognate
What are Piaget's 4 stages of Cognitive Development?
Sensorimotor-senses
Preoperational-begin thinking symbolically
Concrete-begin thinking logically
Formal-Abstract thoughts
What are the 3 reading levels?
Frustration-less than 90% accuracy, less than 70% comprehension
Instructional-90-94% accuracy, 870-89% comprehension.
Independent
What are syntactic skills?
What are semantic skills?
Understand grammar and how to arrange words in sentences.
Ability to understand meaning of words, phrases, sentences and longer texts
Context clues; 4 types
Definition clue
Synonym clue
Antonym clue
Inference clue
SQ3R
Survey
Question
Read
Recall
Retell
Theory of Multiple Intelligences
What is DIEBELS?
Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills; a set of procedures and measures for assessing the acquisition of early literacy skills. Designed to be short (one minute) fluency measures used to monitor development
5 stages of Language Acquisition?
Cooing-0-6 months
Babbling-6m -1 year
One word-1-2 years
Telegraphic-2-3 years
Beginning oral fluency- 3+ years.
3 components of fluency
Rate-reading speed
Accuracy- decoding words
Prosody- expression, intonation
Close reading vs Cloze reading
Close reading is getting a deep understanding of the text
Cloze reading is a passage with blank spaces. Words are inputted to make sense of the passage
What are the 3 characteristics of valid reading research?
Reliable, valid, credible
Norm referenced tests are
students being compared to sample groups of similar students who score above and below the average
What are the 4 stages of writing?
Preliterate-scribbling
Emergent-form letters, understand sounds
Transitional-Uses conventions appropriately, encode words quickly.
Fluent-Able to edit and evaluate
Reading comprehension is
Understanding what has been read, taking meaning from text, summarization, vocabulary reflection
Encoding vs decoding
Encoding is translating sounds to print (spelling the word using letter-sound knowledge
Decoding is translating print to sounds (sounding out words)
What are the 6 levels of Bloom's Taxonomy?
Knowledge
Comprehension
Application
Synthesis
Evaluation
The difference between formal and informal assessments?
Formal-scoring is objective
Informal-scoring is subjective
Phonemic Awareness vs Phonics
Phonemic awareness is the sounds you hear in a word. Identifying sounds
Phonics is related to letters and their sounds.
Affixes; What are derivational and inflectional?
Derivational changes the meaning of the word; happy --> unhappy
Inflectional changes the tense of the word; talk-->talked
Consonant digraph vs consonant blends
Consonant digraph-group of consonants that form new consonant sound when combined
Consonant blends-Group of 2-3 consonants that blend together to make a sound, each letter is heard