Terms
Phonological Awareness
Phonemic Awareness
Alphabet Knowledge
Phonics
100
This is the smallest part of spoken language that makes a difference in the meaning of words. The word “hat” contains three of these.
What is a phoneme?
100
This involves identifying and making oral rhymes (e.g., “The pig has a (wig).”)
What is rhyming?
100
This is a teaching strategy geared to help children to recognize individual sounds in a word (e.g., Teacher: What is the first sound in sun? Child: The first sound in sun is /s/.).
What is phonemic isolation?
100
This refers to the recognition or production of a letter name.
What is letter-name knowledge?
100
These are letters that are not vowels. They typically make one sound (e.g., s makes the soft sound, "snake," "ship") but not always (e.g., c makes the soft sound, "city") and hard sound "country").
What are consonants?
200
This is the smallest part of written language that represents a phoneme in the spelling of a word. This may be one letter (e.g., b, d, f) or several letters (e.g., igh, ck, th).
What is is a grapheme?
200
This involves the ability to manipulate words in phrases or compounds.
What is word awareness?
200
This is a teaching approach that involves guiding children to listen to a sequence of separately spoken phonemes, and then combine the phonemes to form a word (e.g., Teacher: What is the word /d/ /o/ /g/? Child: /d/ /o/ /g/ is dog.).
What is phoneme blending?
200
This refers to the recognition or production of letter sound.
What is letter sound knowledge?
200
These are composed of two vowels that when blended make one sound: ai, ea, ee, oa. The saying is “when two vowels go walking the first does the talking – and says its own long name (e.g., bait, treat, beet, boat, respectively). BUT ea also makes the short sound of e (e.g., thread, dread, sweater).
What are vowel digraphs?
300
This concept describes the predictable relationship between phonemes and graphemes.
What is phonics?
300
This involves identifying and working with the syllables of words (e.g., clapping the syllables of each of the words in a book title).
What is syllable awareness?
300
This instruction involves teaching children to break a word into its separate sounds, saying each sound as they tap or count it (e.g., Teacher: How many sounds are in cat? Child: /c/ /a/ /t/. Three sounds.).
What is phonemic segmentation?
300
This is the skill of quickly naming letters.
What is letter-name fluency?
300
These are composed of two adjacent vowel sounds that occur within the same syllable: oy, oi, ou, ow (e.g., boy, oil, out, bow, respectively).
What are vowel diphthongs?
400
This refers to the ability to hear, identify, and manipulate the individual sounds in spoken words.
What is phonemic awareness?
400
This involves identifying and manipulating the beginning and ending sounds of syllables.
What is onset-rime awareness?
400
A method for teaching children to recognize the word that remains when a phoneme is removed from the original word (e.g., Teacher: What is hall without the /h/? Child: Hall without the /h/ is all.)
What is phoneme deletion?
400
This skill involves quickly producing the sound of letters.
What is letter-sound fluency?
400
These are composed of two consonants that when blended make one sound: sh, ch, th, wh, ph, gh, ng.
What are consonant digraphs?
500
These are parts of spoken language that are smaller than syllables but larger than phonemes. One is the initial consonant(s) sound of a syllable (e.g., the /h/ from /hat/) and the other is the part of the syllable that contains the vowel and all that follows it (e.g., the /at/ from /hat/).
What is onset and rime?
500
The teacher saying a word to each student and the students replying with a word that has the same ending sound (e.g., Teacher: Fun. Student: Fun…sun.) is an example of this.
What is rhyming?
500
A method for teaching children that substituting one phoneme for another forms a new word (e.g., Teacher: The word is sap. Change the /a/ to /i/. What’s the new word? Child: Sip.
What is phoneme substitution?
500
This is the skill of writing letters in response to oral prompts.
What is letter writing?
500
These consist of two consonants making both sounds at the beginning or ending of a word (e.g., beginning bl-, br-, cl- OR ending -ct, -ft, -lb).
What are consonant blends?
M
e
n
u