a
Learners require less space, less teacher time, or less expensive materials
institutional efficiency?
CALL began? in? and had two major changes around?
1960s, mid-1990s
Learners pick up what is targeted, retain language knowledge or skills longer, and/or learn more of what they need
effectiveness
Examples of Recent Trends?: Descendants of the "pen pals"of the past, these activities involve groups of language learners
Virtual exchanges or telecollaborations
Learners can learn with more or less equal effectiveness across a wider range of times/places
convenience).?
Examples of Recent Trends?: This is a growing area for both language learners and native speakers, learning to become both critical consumers and skilled producers of language and culture.
Digital literacies
Learners enjoy the language learning process more or are willing to engage in it more
motivation?
Learners pick up language knowledge or skills faster or with less effort
learning efficiency
Learners can get materials or experience interactions that would otherwise be difficult or impossible
access
Examples of Recent Trends?: Language learning may be enhanced through the motivation and engagement provided by digital game environments or by "gamifying" learning activities and tasks
Game-based language learning
one of the concepts of linguistics that concerns encoding/decoding a meaningful message
The Semantic and Pragmatic Tasks
one of the concepts of linguistics that is perhaps the most difficult task for an L2 learner to achieve the perfection.
The Phonetic and Phonological Tasks (Pronounce the Language natively)
Examples of Recent Trends: Moving beyond the notion
of just "anytime, anywhere" learning, the mobility can be in the learner, the device, or the task (Pegrum, 2019)??
Mobile-assisted language learning (MALL).
one of the concepts of linguistics that concerns the order of word formation
syntax
What is CALL?
CALL is the acronym for computer-assisted language learning.
What teaching method is also called the Army method? and which linguistic concept could it be good for?
Audio-lingual method, phonetics and phonology (accent reduction)
one of the concepts of linguistics that concerns the pronunciation of various morphemes
morphophonemics or morphophonology(MALL).
one of the concepts of linguistic branches that studies the interrelationship between language and culture
The Anthropological/Sociolinguistic Task (Learn the Culture and Society)
According to Kory Stempter, what is the language? and dialects/varieties of language are?
a river, the currents
one of the concepts of linguistic branches that studies how language is represented and processed in the brain and how the brain is involved in the acquisition of language.
The Neurolinguistic Task?
What is MALL?
Mobile-assisted language learning
Joe Ruhl’s 6 Cs are:
Choice, Collaboration, Communication, Critical Thinking, Creativity, Caring
what is Descriptivism ? give an example.
meaning focus, not forms; WOW! it is nice, you like it, and me like it, too! (object pronoun in the subject position)
one of the concepts of linguistics that concerns the quantity of the words and deviation of them
The Lexical and Morphological Tasks
what is Prescriptivism? give an example.
like the doctor's order; "to quickly" run" is not a grammatical sentence because you should split up the infinite.