Define That Term
Term That Definition
Example Please
Compare & Contrast
90s Nostalgia
Where In The World Is Carmen San Diego?
100
Variable Cost
A direct cost that varies proportionately with changes in volume, such as number of participants.
100
A cost that is incurred by the organization regardless of whether the program occurs.
Indirect Cost
100
3 costs of a volunteer program
Several possible answers (shirts, food, staff supervisors, insurance, etc)
100
Lump Sum vs Line Item budget
A Line Item budget appropriates specific dollar amounts to each item of expenditure.
100
Finish the lyric: Tell me why
Ain't nothin but a heartache
Backstreet Boys: I want it that way
100
Name a country named after the equator
Ecuador, Equatorial Guinea, etc
200
Price differential based on participants
Some folks may find it harder to pay full cost (often children, people with disabilities, seniors, and economically disadvantaged).
Note: Be careful about making assumptions in your real-life programs, because attempts to make things more fair can worsen inequality (example: Seniors sometimes receive discounts despite being relatively wealthy).
200
Determining the price of a program in relation to the price charged by other organizations for similar programs.
Competition-Based Pricing
200
A reason for choosing a partial or no-cost recovery method
Should be based on figure 8.6 or involve benefit to non-users
200
Surprise: More 90s Nostalgia! Name this movie...
Kindergarten Cop
200
According to the Guinness Book of Records, what is the Most Controversial Video Game Series in History, with over 4,000 published articles about it since the first volume came out in 1997?
Grand Theft Auto
200
Name 10 countries in Africa
...
300
Protection of Self Esteem (in Psychological Dimensions of Price)
It is often important for customers to pa some portion of the cost. Through such payment, customers make a commitment to the program and avoid the stigma of handouts.
300
A program is priced to cover some portion of the cost, and the rest of the cost is covered by an alternative funding source.
Partial Cost Recovery
300
Changing Fixed Cost
Example from textbook: Aerobics class instructor needs an assistant if enrollment exceeds 15 participants. The organization would have an additional direct cost associated with the 16th-25th participant. The cost is still considered 'fixed' because it does not change per-participant.
300
Explain the difference between a Grant and a Gift/Donation (this is not detailed in the textbook)
Grants have rigid structures. They typically give a set amount of money every year toward a specific purpose. The organization seeking funds writes an application asking for a portion of that money. If they are granted the money, they typically report their progress in terms of program results and money spent on a quarterly basis. Nothing is typically given to the grantmaker in exchange for the grant.
Donations/Gifts are much more diverse and flexible. They typically do not involve a rigid structure nor require any reporting. Some donor programs involve some sort of gift or exchange where the donor receives something.
300
Name both of the presidents in office during the 1990s
George Bush and Bill Clinton
300
The long, skinny country in South America
Chile
400
Time Budget Study
A method of tracking indirect expenses where the percentage of time associated an aspect of the program is allocated to its line item.
Example: When we calculated the percentage of supervisor's salary that should be charged to a program based on how many of their 40 weekly hours are dedicated to that program.
400
Resources made available to a program that require no financial transaction. This can include supplies, facility usage, labor, and more. (from Examine Alternative Funding).
In-Kind Contributions
400
Odd pricing
An example in the book is the tendency for a $10 item to be priced at $9.99.
400
Cost-Based Pricing and Demand-Based Pricing. The answer must be more elaborate than 'cost-based is based on cost and demand-based is based on demand.'
Cost-Based pricing uses a breakeven analysis and focuses simply on whether revenues cover expenses.
Demand-Based Pricing typically starts with a breakeven analysis and goes further to analyze the most profitable potential pricing format.
Important Note: Demand-based pricing does not mean you must charge the highest possible price. It's one of many factors, along with mission, cost-recovery format, etc.
400
During the 1990s, one of the world’s biggest musicians was called “The Artist Formerly Known as ______.”
Prince
400
The Trans-Siberian railway runs between these 2 countries.
Russia and China
500
Market Disincentivism (from Cost Recovery step)
Prices can be used to reduce demand for specific programs and services by increasing program cost. this could be used to reduce overcrowding or protect a fragile resource.
500
Direct operating and maintenance expenses that can be easily documented that are covered by other funding options.
Variable Cost Recovery
500
From Determining Cost Recovery figure 8.8 (City of Roseville Cost Recovery Model):
Give an example of an activity that would fit in the 'High Individual Benefit' category for Cost Recovery.
Listed in figure...
. Adventure club
. Preschool
. golf
. Adult sports leagues
. Facility rentals
. Commercial recreation
. Personal training
. Private swim lessons
500
This cast is from which 1990s TV show
Freaks and Geeks
500
Which of these countries is fake:
- Comoros
- Kiribati
- Vanuatu
- Zamunda
- Kyrgyzstan
Zamunda is the fictional country featured in the 1988 hit movie, Coming To America.