Definitions
True or false: All speakers are speakers of at least one dialect.
True
Blust (1991) recognizes that there are (#) non-controversial genetic groupings.
15!
True or false: There are five (5) Bilic languages.
False
Ilan? What are the Bilic languages?
A line marking the boundary between two regions which differ with respect to some linguistic feature
Isogloss
Recall Cunanan's (2015) illustration of how the variety spoken in Pilar differs from those spoken in other parts of Sorsogon.
True or false: Blumentritt spent several years in the Philippines gathering sources and conducting field research.
False
He never set foot in the country. Information were mostly from secondary sources.
A "neutral" term for a particular kind of language considered a single entity
Variety
But does this term actually resolve the issue?
Languages spoken in Mindoro are divided into which two classifications?
North Mangyan
South Mangyan
Odd one out
Bolinao, Botolan, Ilokano, Kapampangan
Ilokano
Why?
Two or more words similar in form and in meaning, and could be assumed to be derived from a common original form
Cognates
'daliri'
gara'muy (Pil)
gura'muy (Sor, Bac, Gub, Jub, etc.)
Give at least two (2) words frequently used by Blumentritt (1901) in describing groups found in the Philippines.
heathen, warlike, wild, bloodthirsty, uncivilized
As opposed to Christianized, converted, peaceful, peaceable, civilizedA variety which is phonetically and/or phonologically different from other varieties
Accent
Taking geopolitical boundaries into account, the languages of which two microgroups are spoken in Palawan?
Palawanic
Kalamian
Can you recall which languages fall under each microgroup?
Because Inati does not subgroup closely with any neighboring language, this language is considered a/an ____.
(Language) isolate
Panay dialects and their subtypes were identified by Griño (1975) based on ____ criteria.
Phonetic
For consonants: Hinaray-a /r/, Aklanon [ɬ], Hiligaynon [l]
Bangot, Barangan, and Buquil are among the groups collectively known as ____.
Manguianes / Manguian
The heathen, unaffiliated natives inhabiting the interior of Mindoro, Romblon, and Tablas
As discussed in Chambers & Trudgill (1998), dialect continua can be characterized as geographical as well as ____.
Social
Hence, the term social dialect continuum.
Subanon languages are spoken in which specific area of Mindanao?
Zamboanga Peninsula
Odd two out
Ibanag, Ilianen, Inibaloi, Iranon, Isinay, Itawis
Ilianen, Iranon
Why?
Apart from Albay, these two provinces located to the east and to the west of Sorsogon exert influence on the varieties spoken in the latter.
Samar
Masbate
The names ___ and ___ referring to inhabitants of Negros and parts of Mindanao, respectively, mean "mountaineers" or "upland forest dwellers."
Buquitnon, Buquidnon
Traditionally, the majority of informants in dialectological projects consisted of NORMs. This acronym stands for ____.
Nonmobile, older, rural males
Manobo languages are spoken in Mindanao, save for ____ which is spoken in an island between the Visayas and Palawan.
Kagayanen
spoken in Cagayan Islands
Minahasan and Gorontalo-Mongondow are comprised of Philippine-type languages spoken beyond the country's geopolitical territory, particularly in ____.
Northern Sulawesi
Part of Indonesia
Apart from Romblomanon, two other languages spoken in the province of Romblon exert influence on Tagalog-Roxas. These are ____ and ____.
Bantoanon / Asi
Onhan / Inonhan
Both spoken in Tablas Island
Papuan slaves brought to Manila by the Portuguese at the end of the sixteenth and the beginning of the seventeenth century
Cafres
The list also contains terms related to other races and castes.