General
Name the process of transferring a gene from a cell of a member of one species to the cell of a different species
Recombinant DNA technology
What is the molecule called which is an enzyme that cuts DNA at a specific restriction site?
Restriction enzyme
Give the name for a cyclical reaction in which DNA polymerase is used to copy a DNA sample, making millions of copies of the same piece of DNA
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
What is the technique called separates DNA fragments according to their size and charge?
gel electrophoresis
What is an organism called that has been modified by incorporating a piece of foreign DNA into its genome
genetically modified organism (GMO)
What is a plasmid in which foreign DNA is inserted into called?
Recombinant plasmid
What is the name for the DNA polymerase from the bacterium Thermus aquaticus; used in the polymerase chain reaction because it can withstand the high temperatures used in the process
Taq polymerase
What is the gel matrix used for electrophoresis called?
agarose gel
What is a vehicle used to transfer DNA sequences from one organism to another called?
A vector
What is the overhanging end of a DNA fragment that is produced after asymmetrical cleavage by a restriction enzyme called?
A sticky end
What is the name for a single stranded DNA molecule that anneals to its complementary sequence on the DNA sample to act as the start of the amplification process?
A primer
what is the set of pieces of DNA of known length that is used to estimate the size of other DNA fragments in a gel called?
molecular size marker
What is the flat end of a DNA fragment that is produced after symmetrical cleavage by a restriction enzyme called?
The blunt end
Name the process when two single stranded sections of complementary DNA align to form a double strand
Annealing
What is the area which contains a specific nucleotide sequence (usually 4–8 base pairs) that is recognised as a cleaving site for a restriction enzyme called?
Restriction site
Name the application of high temperatures to break the hydrogen bonds in DNA, which causes the two strands to separate
denaturation