Presidential Reconstruction
During this era, these were put into place to keep African Americans oppressed, criminalized and to preserve the antebellum social order
Black Codes
This man was the first African American appointed to the US Senate
Hiram Revals
Who was President during the Panic of 73'
Grant
This term referred to ex confederates who wanted to restore the social and political order back to the old antebellum era.
Redeemers
Before Lincoln was assassinated, his plan for Reconstruction was his:
10% Plan
What was the freedmen's bureau? Where did it see success?
Early form of welfare for former slaves and poor whites. Saw some success in education/schooling
These laws passed under the Grant administration were aimed at combating the rise of the KKK
Force Acts 70, 71'
Which political party was more in favor of industrialization, big business and trade
Republicans
A term coined by southerners denouncing their peers for supporting Radical Reconstruction efforts
Scalawag
Explain the difference between moderate and radical republicans:
moderate: wanted reunification
radical: wanted full protection/equality for freed blacks
Tenure of office act
This individual was a leader of the Radical Republicans and outspoken critic of Johnson and the South
What was the height of unemployment during the panic of 73'?
14-15%
A term for northerners who went south to profit off the crippled economic and political situation in the South
Carpetbagger
Explain each of the three civil war amendments
13th: Abolished slavery
14th: granted citizenship and equal protection
15th: gave black men the vote
Explain what sharecropping was and why it became corrupt
Landowner rents out plots of land to sharecroppers (mostly former slaves and some poor whites). Became a constant cycle of debt/poverty
After Johnson vetoed this bill, it caused the Republicans to mistrust him and take over Reconstruction efforts
Civil Rights Act of 1866
Explain the context of the credit mobilier crisis
Once 50% of Southerners pledged their loyalty they could be readmitted. Never went into effect.
Tie in the Presidency, so it went to Congress. Congress will appoint Hayes (R) President, in exchange the Dems want federal troops removed from the South and a formal end to Reconstruction
Johnson was the first Presidential to actively campaign during the Congressional Elections of 1866. What was this whistle stop tour known as?
Swingin around the circle tour
Explain three aspects of the Reconstruction Act of 1867
Divided the South into 5 military districts
States must ratify the 14th Amendment
3. States must extend voting rights to freedmen
4. Military can register African Americans to vote and arrest those who interfere
How did the financial panic of 1873 occur and what impact did it have on Reconstruction?
Over speculation in Railroads and factories led to a crash. Caused Northerner Republicans to focus less on Reconstruction efforts and more on economic concerns.
What did the term "new south" refer to in the context of the time?
Proponents of the New South envisioned a post-Reconstruction southern economy modeled on the North's embrace of the Industrial Revolution.
Who was the General in charge of the Freedmen's Bureau?
Oliver Howard