Reconstruction Plans
What percentage of voters had to swear loyalty to the Union under Lincoln’s Reconstruction Plan?
10%
Which Amendment abolished slavery?
13th Amendment
What were the Black Codes?
Laws that restricted freedmen’s rights (Black Codes).
What Supreme Court case legalized segregation under “separate but equal”?
Plessy v Ferguson
Who became president in the disputed election of 1876?
Rutherford B. Hayes (republican)
Why did Radical Republicans think Lincoln’s plan was too lenient?
It was too lenient and didn’t protect freedmen’s rights.
Which Amendment gave African American men the right to vote?
15th Amendment
Who were the “carpetbaggers”?
Northerners who moved South after the war, often seen as opportunists.
What did Jim Crow laws do?
Caused segregation in all public places
What did the Compromise of 1877 effectively end?
Reconstruction
What was the main purpose of the Freedmen’s Bureau?
To help freedmen with food, housing, jobs, education, and legal aid.
Which Amendment guaranteed equal protection of the laws?
14th Amendment
Who were the “scalawags”?
White Southerners who supported Reconstruction and Republicans
Which Act limited the President’s power to fire officials without Senate approval?
The Tenure Act
What was the Compromise of 1877?
The deal that resolved the 1876 election by giving Hayes the presidency in exchange for ending Reconstruction.
What Act did President Johnson violate that led to his impeachment?
The Tenure of Office Act.
What Congressional Act overturned Black Codes and became the basis for the 14th Amendment?
The Civil Rights Act of 1866
What economic system kept freedmen tied to landowners through debt?
Sharecropping / Debt Peonage
What was the main message of Thomas Nast’s 1874 cartoon “Worse Than Slavery”?
That African Americans faced oppression and violence even after slavery ended.
After Reconstruction, what system of laws enforced racial segregation in the South?
Jim Crow
How did Radical Republicans’ plan for Reconstruction differ from Johnson’s plan?
Their plan gave rights to the Freedmen and punished the south while Johnson's plan was lenient and added the south quickly
What barriers did Southern states use to limit African American voting, despite the 15th Amendment? Name the 3 we talked about
Literacy Tests, Poll Taxes and the Grandfather Clause
What white supremacist group used terror to stop African Americans from voting?
Ku Klux Klan (KKK)
Why did historians call Reconstruction the "Nadir"?
Because it was the lowest point for African Americans
Why did Reconstruction ultimately fail to secure lasting rights for freedmen?
Lack of federal enforcement, Southern resistance, rise of white supremacy, and compromises that abandoned freedmen