URBANIZATION
This term describes the rapid growth of cities in the late 1800s.
Urbanization
This era saw a major shift from hand‑made goods to machine production.
Industrial Revolution
This 1862 act offered settlers 160 acres of land.
Homestead Act
After Reconstruction, most African Americans worked mainly as this.
Sharecroppers
This term describes pride in one’s ethnic or cultural background.
Ethnic identity
Immigrants often lived in these crowded, unsafe apartment buildings.
Tenements.
He perfected the assembly line for mass production.
Henry Ford
This railroad connected the East and West coasts.
Transcontinental Railroad
These laws enforced segregation in the South.
Jim Crow
Immigrants who blended into American culture were said to enter this “mix.”
Melting pot
This reformer photographed slum life in How the Other Half Lives.
Jacob Riis
This natural resource powered early factories.
Coal
Native Americans were forced onto these restricted lands.
Reservations
This 1896 case legalized “separate but equal.”
Plessy v. Ferguson
This term describes Americans who opposed immigration.
Nativists
These political organizations controlled city governments through corruption.
Political machines
Workers formed these groups to demand better wages and hours.
Labor unions
This 1890 event marked the end of Native American armed resistance.
Wounded Knee
This group used violence to intimidate African Americans.
Ku Klux Klan
This 1882 law banned Chinese immigration.
Chinese Exclusion Act
This invention allowed cities to build upward instead of outward.
Elevator
This tragic 1911 fire exposed unsafe factory conditions.
Triangle Fire
Miners rushed to the West during this 1848 event.
Gold Rush
Many African Americans moved North during this migration.
Great Migration
This movement encouraged African Americans to celebrate their heritage.
Harlem Renaissance