People in Reconstruction
Northern politicians who went to the South after the Civil War.
Carpetbaggers
Constitutional Amendment that abolished slavery
13th Amendment
This disputed election serves as the historical catalyst and turning point that immediately brought the Reconstruction era to a close.
Election of 1876
Abraham Lincoln’s Reconstruction proposal was named for this specific percentage of a state's pre-war voters required to take a loyalty oath.
10% Plan
State where the Ku Klux Klan was founded, and was first to be readmitted to the Union.
Tennessee
Southerners who had not taken part in the war and who tried to modernize the agricultural economy in the South.
Terrorist organization formed to oppress African Americans.
The Ku Klux Klan
This Republican candidate won the presidency due to contested electoral counts in three southern states.
Rutherford B. Hayes
Proposed by Congress in 1864, this bill was much harsher than Lincoln's plan, demanding a full prewar majority of voters swear loyalty to the Union.
Wade-Davis Bill
Violence from the KKK declined sharply after 1872 because Congress passed these laws, making it a federal offense to interfere with a citizen's right to vote.
Enforcement Acts (KKK Acts)
Former slaves who farmed another person's land, receiving a share of what they produced.
Sharecroppers
Constitutional Amendment to which the southern states had to agree before reentering the Union.
14th Amendment
This Black civil rights leader and reformer argued that African Americans should adapt to segregation temporarily, prioritizing vocational education and financial independence first.
Booker T. Washington
This legislation, vetoed by Andrew Johnson but pushed through by Congress, divided the post-war South into five distinct military districts.
Military Reconstruction
This conservative white Southern Democratic political coalition aimed to unite white voters to reclaim local congressional power and undo civil rights progress.
Redeemers
Civil War general who became President after Andrew Johnson.
Ulysses S. Grant
The Freedmen's Bureau
This bold investigative journalist and activist spearheaded an international crusade to expose and document the horrors of Southern lynchings.
Ida B. Wells
President Andrew Johnson’s direct violation of the law by firing a Cabinet member without Senate approval led to this historic constitutional action.
Hint: First in U.S History
Impeachment
This specific legal loop-hole mechanism protected poor, illiterate white southerners from voting restrictions by exempting anyone whose ancestors could vote prior to 1866.
Grandfather Clause
Man who ran against Rutherford B. Hayes and almost became President.
Samuel Tilden
New laws passed by Southern states to keep African Americans from voting.
Black Codes
Often called the "Great Betrayal," this 1877 political deal resolved the election crisis by removing federal troops from the South.
Compromise of 1877
This 1866 piece of federal legislation, which sought to abolish the Black Codes by overrule of state laws, was famously passed by Radical Republicans overreaching a presidential veto.
Civil Rights Act of 1866
In landmark rulings such as Plessy v. Ferguson, this body set legal precedents that actively allowed states to segregate society.
the Supreme Court