Reconstruction Amendment
Amendment that ended slavery.
13th
Republicans who pushed harsh policies for the South
Radical Republicans
Terror group that used intimidation to block Reconstruction.
KKK
Disputed election involved Hayes and this opponent.
Samuel Tilden
Economic system based on private ownership and profit.
Capitalism
Amendment that defined citizenship and equal protection
14th
Agency that helped freedmen with food and education
Freedmans Bureau
Term for separating races in society.
Segregation
Political deal that ended Reconstruction.
Compromise of 1877
Process that made steel cheaper and faster.
Bessemer Process
Amendment that gave voting rights to Black men
15th
Southern laws designed to limit Black freedom after the war.
Black Codes
Voting barrier: fee required to vote.
Poll Tax
What happened to federal troops as part of this deal?
federal troops were removed from the South?
A single company controlling an industry is a ___.
Monopoly
Which amendment became the foundation for later civil rights cases?
14th
Term for dividing the South into regions run by the U.S. Army.
Military Reconstruction Districts
Voting barrier: unfair reading test to block voters
Literacy Test
What was the long-term result for Black Americans in the South?
rise of Jim Crow, segregation, voter suppression, white Democratic control?
Owning all steps of production is called ___.
Vertical Integration
Explain how the 14th Amendment was both powerful AND limited in Reconstruction.
powerful because it defines citizenship/equal protection; limited because enforcement was weak and Southern resistance/Jim Crow undermined it?
Explain why Johnson was impeached and why it mattered.
Johnson impeached for violating Tenure of Office Act / blocking Reconstruction; mattered because it tested limits of presidential power?
How did violence + voting restrictions undermine the 15th Amendment?
intimidation + barriers blocked Black voting, making the 15th Amendment ineffective in practice?
Explain how the Compromise of 1877 reshaped U.S. history for the next 80 years.
it ended Reconstruction + allowed systematic disenfranchisement and segregation for decades
Explain how trusts/monopolies could both help and harm the economy.
big business could bring efficiency/cheap goods/jobs but also exploit workers, destroy competition, influence politics?