People
This president issued the Emancipation Proclamation and proposed the 10% Plan for Reconstruction
Abraham Lincoln
The historical period after the Civil War focused on bringing Southern states back into the Union and rebuilding the nation
Reconstruction Era
A formal pardon that forgives people for crimes, often used after the Civil War for Confederates
Amnesty
The Constitutional amendment that abolished slavery throughout the United States.
13th Amendment
Explain the effect of convict leasing on African American communities.
Southern states leased prisoners for labor and it perpetuated near‑slavery conditions
He became president after Lincoln’s assassination and clashed with Radical Republicans over Reconstruction polic
Andrew Johnson
The violent organization in the South that used intimidation and terror to suppress Black political activity.
Ku Klux Klan
A system in which landowners gave a portion of land and supplies to laborers who paid back with a portion of the crop, often trapping freedpeople in debt
Sharecropping
The Constitutional amendment that granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States
The Constitutional amendment that granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States
Describe one way Black Codes limited the freedom of African Americans during Reconstruction.
Leader of the Radical Republicans in the House who pushed for strict Reconstruction measures and protections for freedmen.
Thaddeus Stevens
The event that led to federal troop withdrawal from the South and the effective end of Reconstruction.
Election of 1876
Laws passed in Southern states after the Civil War that limited the rights and movement of African Americans.
Black Codes
The set of laws passed by Congress during Congressional Reconstruction to protect freedmen and restructure Southern governments.
Radical Reconstruction
Explain how sharecropping affected the economic mobility of freedpeople
Sharecropping trapped freedpeople in cycles of debt and poverty, limiting upward mobility.
First Black American to serve in the U.S. Congress as a senator from Mississippi during Reconstruction.
This event in 1868 was a major constitutional/political crisis between Congress and the president involving formal charges.
Impeachment of Andrew Johnson
The legal process by which a legislative body brings charges against a public official
Impeachment
The Constitutional amendment that prohibited denying the right to vote based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
15th Amendment
How did the actions of white supremacist groups like the Ku Klux Klan affect Reconstruction-era politics and society?
The KKK used violence and intimidation to suppress Black voting and leadership, undermining Reconstruction governments.
The Union veteran elected president in 1876 who ended Reconstruction
Rutherford B. Hayes
The act divided the former Confederate South into military districts and required new state constitutions.
Reconstruction Act of 1867
The term for policies that aim for immediate and significant political, social, and economic change
Radical
Lincoln’s plan allowing readmission of Southern states after a certain number of voters took an oath of loyalty
10% Plan
Describe why the Compromise of 1877 is also known as the Great Betrayal.
The Compromise of 1877 removed federal troops from the South, effectively ending Reconstruction and allowing Southern white Democrats to regain power, betraying African Americans.