Recons. Leaders
How did Andrew Johnson become president
He was Lincoln's vice president and took over when Abe was assassinated.
What did the 13th Amendment accomplish?
It prohibited slavery, except as punishment for a crime.
What are paramilitary groups?
Groups that used intimidation and violence to prevent African Americans from exercising rights.
Who was the REPUBLICAN NOMINATION for president in the 1876 election?
Rutherford b hayes
What was sharecropping?
A system in which farmers worked land owned by someone else and paid with part of their crops.
What was a Radical Republican
A Republican who wanted stronger federal protection for formerly enslaved people and stricter requirements for Southern states.
TRUE OR FALSE
The 15th Amendment guaranteed that every citizen could vote.
FALSE- Women could still not vote in elections
What are poll taxes?
Tax that you had to pay in order to vote.
True or False:
The Compromise of 1877 strengthened the federal government's continued military protection of African Americans throughout the South.
FALSE
How did sharecropping often trap freedmen in debt?
Workers often had to borrow money or supplies and owed more than they could earn from their crops.
TRUE OR FALSE:
Radical Republicans believed Southern states should be allowed to return to the Union without significant requirements or protections for freedmen.
FALSE
What did the 15th Amendment prohibit?
States from denying the right to vote based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
What were grandfather clauses and how was this used to prevent African American's from voting?
If your grandfather voted, so could you. Freedman's grandfathers were slaves and could not vote, meaning they did not meet the requirement to vote.
Why was the presidential election of 1876 considered tainted?
The election included disputed results and allegations of fraud in several states.
What was the main goal of the Black Codes?
To restrict the freedom of formerly enslaved people to get them to break a targeted law so they could force Black Americans to go back into forced labor.
Why were many members of Congress alarmed by Andrew Johnson's Reconstruction plan?
He allowed Southern states to rejoin with few requirements and little protection for formerly enslaved people.
How did some Southern states exploit the exception in the 13th Amendment?
They used laws that forced labor after convictions to continue exploiting Black Americans for free labor
TRUE OR FALSE:
The FIRST Enforcement Act was the most effective of the three that were released by congress and President Grant.
NO, it was the LEAST effective
What are jim crow laws?
laws that enforced racial segregation in public places such as schools, transportation, restaurants, and waiting rooms.
TRUE OR FALSE:
The Supreme Court's decision in Plessy v. Ferguson ruled that racial segregation was unconstitutional.
False: The Supreme Court upheld racial segregation under the doctrine of "separate but equal."
How did Ulysses S. Grant differ from Andrew Johnson as president?
Grant supported federal enforcement of civil rights for freedmen, while Johnson opposed many Reconstruction efforts.
describe the two major parts of the 14th Amendment?
It established citizenship and required equal protection under the law.
This one is not on the test, but will help you prepare for another question: How did the 3rd Enforcement act by Grant, help reconstruction efforts?
Why is the Compromise of 1877 considered the end of Reconstruction?
It was a deal between Republicans and Democrats that allowed Republican Hayes to win the election in exchange for removing federal troops from the South and stopping federal enforcement of Reconstruction in Southern states.
Explain the meaning of "separate but equal" in Plessy v. Ferguson. Why was this idea difficult to enforce fairly in the South?
The doctrine claimed that separate facilities were acceptable if they were equal. In reality, facilities for African Americans were often inferior, and leaving it to the states/ local governments to decide what was equal or unequal. This was unfair because they were often the ones who wanted African Americans to be second class citizens