Reconstruction (pt 1)
What were the 3 phases of Reconstruction called?
What is: Presidential, Congressional, & Military Reconstruction?
The three Amendments that were enacted during the Reconstruction Era, & the results of each one:
What are:
13th Amendment: Abolished Slavery in the US
14th Amendment: Granted African Americans their citizenship & the ability to run for Political Office.
15th Amendment: Gave all men the right to vote
Laws that were passed by Southern States which took away most citizenship rights of African-Americans:
What are: Jim Crow Laws?
The name of the exposition that took place in GA in 1881 that attracted significant industrial resources from the north:
What was: The International Cotton Exposition?
What does the term "Disfranchisement" mean? Who did this target?
What is "Taking away the right to vote" & "African American population"?
Describes the Presidential Reconstruction plan of...?
Who is: President Andrew Johnson?
The two forms of labor that were created during Reconstruction due to shortage of currency and labor force:
What is: Tenant Farming & Sharecropping?
also known as "____ but _____"
What is: Segregation?
"Separate but Equal"
Believed that economic independence was the only road to social and political equality.
Thought African-Americans should focus on education and hard work before civil rights
Helped found & later became the principal of the Tuskegee Normal & Industrial Institute
Describes the goals & efforts of this civil rights leader:
Who is: Booker T. Washington?
1. Method Used to Disfranchise African Americans: Stated that African Americans could only vote in General Elections, and not Primary Elections.
2. Method used to Disfranchise African Americans: Required African Americans to demonstrate that they could read & write at a 5th Grade level. (Was rigged to fail, & hardly ever given to uneducated white People.)
1. What is The White Primary?
2. What are Literacy Tests?
Described the Presidential Reconstruction plan of..?
Who is: Abraham Lincoln?
Describe the differences between Sharecropping & Tenant Farming: Which one was more difficult to get out of, & why?
What is:
Sharecroppers were mostly former slaves, while Tenant Farmers were mostly poor whites
Sharecroppers had to lease everything (land, house, tools, animals, etc.), while Tenant Farmers usually had their own tools at the very least.
Sharecroppers were hardly ever able to make a profit, while Tenant farmers were usually able to make a small profit each year.
Sharecropping was much more difficult to get out of. (further in debt due to leasing more things, harder to sell crops due to being black, leading to continuous cycle of poverty for future generations).
The Supreme Court Case that came out of Louisiana that made "Separate but Equal" the Law of the Land:
What was: Plessy v. Ferguson?
Major success story in African American community
Played a major factor in the role of Black business leaders in the growth of Atlanta
Provided employment opportunities for college-educated members of the community
Describes the life & impact of:
Who is: Alonzo Herndon?
2. Method used to disfranchise African Americans: Stated that only those whose Parents/Grandparents could vote before the Civil War were able to vote automatically. Those who did not would be required to pay a tax & take an educational test.
1. What is the Poll Tax?
2. What is the Grandfather Clause?
Two or more persons . . . conspir[ing] together . . . with intent to deny to any citizen of the United States the due and equal protection of the laws, or by force, intimidation, or threat to prevent any citizen of the United States lawfully entitled to vote from [voting] . . . shall be deemed guilty of a high crime.
— Enforcement Act of April 1871
Which group's actions led to the creation of this law?
Who is: The Ku Klux Klan (KKK)?
Number of African Americans elected to the Georgia General Assembly (the State Legislature) after the 14th amendment was enacted:
What is: 32 (kicked out in 1868, reinstated in 1869 during military reconstruction)?
Group of three Democratic politicians who dominated Georgia politics for over 20 years:
The names of the politicians:
What was: the Bourbon Triumvirate?
Who was: Brown, Colquitt, and Gordon?
Wanted African-Americans to fight for their civil rights
Created the NAACP
He became more determined after the 1906 Atlanta Riot to fight for immediate equality for African Americans by expanding social and political rights.
Argued that Black Americans must fight for their rights through activism
Describes the focus of civil rights leader:
Who is: W.E.B Dubois?
Describe "The County Unit System" & how it was used to disfranchise African Americans:
1. What is- A plan designed to give small, rural counties more power in state elections by giving big counties 3 votes & small counties 1 vote. A lot more rural/"small" counties in GA than large, almost every rural county consisted of majority white people.
Disfranchised African Americans due to most African Americans living in the very few "big" counties. Made their votes insignificant & "drowned out" by rural county white people.
1. Laws enacted by the southern states to keep African Americans from voting, testifying in Court and serving as jurors, restricted job opportunities, could be arrested for not having a job:
2. Number of Military reconstruction zones that were established during the Military reconstruction phase, & the zone number that Georgia was apart of:
3. Name of the Organization established to assist African Americans with their new freedom. Provided food, helped build schools and hospitals, supervised labor contracts and legal disputes:
1. What were: Black Codes?
2. What is: 5 Military zones, & Georgia was in zone #3?
3. What was: The Freedmen's Bureau?
The 2 College Universities created by the Freedmen's Bureau:
What are: Clarke Atlanta University & Morehouse College?
Managing editor of the Atlanta Journal Constitution newspaper
Continually promoted the “New South”
Describes:
Who is: Henry Grady?
Early career was based on his support of tenant farmers and sharecroppers
Which Political Party was he apart of?
Who is: Tom Watson?
What is: the Populist Party (also known as the People's Party)?
Describe "Gerrymandering" & how it disfranchised African Americans:
What is: Voting districts were drawn where the white population would outweigh a large African American community. Used as a way to influence State elections.
What is: It made their votes not matter. They were outweighed by the white population.