Political Reconstruction
What were the three main plans to start Reconstruction?
Abraham Lincoln's Plan
Andrew Johnson's Plan
Radical Republicans Plan
What does the term "40-acres and a mule" mean?
It provides 40 acres of land in the South and a mule to freed blacks immediately following the Civil War
What are Carpetbaggers? What are Scalawags?
someone originally from the North who relocated to the South after the Civil War after seeing an opportunity to make money and gain power.
A white Southerner who supported Radical Republicans' plans for Reconstruction
What percentage of Black Legislators became victims of violence during Reconstruction?
10%
Who was Rutherford B. Hayes?
The President of the United States who effectively ended Reconstruction by cutting a deal with Democrats.
What did the Freedman's Bureau do?
It was an agency created by Lincoln and the Radical Republicans that provided food, shelter, medical aid, employment aid, education and other needs to blacks and poor white
What did Thaddeus Stevens say the US Government could do with some of the land they confiscated from former slaveowners/Confederates?
Sell it to pay off war debts
What percentage of white voters did scalawags make up in the south?
20%
Who did the KKK say their biggest opponents were?
Republican state governments, Carpetbaggers and Scalawags
What are the four causes of the end of Reconstruction
Violence in the South, Depression of 1873, Redeemer Democrats, Election of Rutherford B. Hayes
What did the 13th, 14th and 15th Amendments do?
13th Amendment- Abolished slavery
14th Amendment- Gave citizenship to anyone born/naturalized in the US
15th Amendment- Ended voting discrimination based on race, color, or previous status of servitude
What is Sharecropping?
How did it keep Freed blacks dependent on the plantation owners?
It forced farmers into debt and poverty because they weren't able to meet the demands of the owners and make a profit.
Similarities:White, disrespectful term, Disliked by southern democrats, helped former slaves, etc.
Differences: Northern v Southern, Politicians/Businessmen v. Former soldiers, farmers, Outsiders v. Traitors, etc.
Who was the first "Grand Wizard" of the KKK?
Nathan Bedford Forrest
What big movement in the 1950s-1960s did Reconstruction lead to?
Civil Rights Era
What were the main ideas of Andrew Johnson's Reconstruction plan?
Wanted to move on from this era, didn't want to punish the South
Wanted southern states to swear Allegiance to the Union for admittance
Didn't believe blacks to be equal to whites
Why were people in the North opposed to giving land to Ex-slaves?
They believed the same thing could happen in the North. Rich people would have to give land up to the poor.
What are Jim Crow Laws?
Collection of state and local laws that legalized racial segregation that were created in response to black progress made during Reconstruction
What role did President Grant play in Southern Reconstruction?
He sent troops down to the south to counter groups like the KKK, he helped pass the three enforcement acts that effectively dissolved the KKK.
Who were the Redeemer Democrats?
Democrats who wanted to take back the south from Carpetbaggers and Scalawags who supported Radical Reconstruction
What was the Wade-Davis Bill? Whose plan was it part of?
proposed stricter requirements for letting states back into the Union; required 50% of a states white males to take an oath to the Union, required to give blacks the right to vote. Proposed by Congress
In the standoff that led to the system of sharecropping, what did freedpeople want and what did plantation owners want?
Freedpeople wanted land of their own to work and profit off of.
Plantation owners wanted to recruit and keep cheap labor.
What are three out of the five ways that Jim Crow laws suppressed black voting rights?
Grandfather Clause
Literacy Clause
Poll Tax
Transportation
Voting Day Sherriff
According to Eric Foner, the KKK was a military force serving the interests of what 3 groups?
Democratic Party
Planter Class/Plantation owners
All those who desired to restore white supremacy
How did the KKK play into the end of Reconstruction?