Presidential Reconstruction
The first President to develop a plan for Reconstruction, he began setting up his ideas even before the Civil War was over.
Who was Abraham Lincoln?
Upset with Presidential Reconstruction's lack of support for African-Americans, this political faction was the primary driving force behind Congressional Reconstruction.
Who were the Radical Republicans?
Arising as a reaction to ex-Confederates being banned from serving in government, this secret society burned buildings, attacked and murdered freedmen, and worked to intimidate African-Americans from exercising their voting rights.
What is the Ku Klux Klan?
While personally known as an extremely trustworthy and ethical man, during this man's presidency numerous graft, corruption, and bribery scandals broke across the Northern states.
Who was Ulysses S. Grant?
After the 1868 election, it became obvious to most political observers that one of this political party's most important and loyal voting blocs were African-Americans.
What is the Republican Party?
This President, the second to lead Reconstruction, utilized his predecessor's plan but added a restriction against the richest and most powerful ex-Confederates, although he gave himself the ability to pardon them.
Who is Andrew Johnson?
This term referred to Northerners who migrated south after the Civil War. While their motivations varied between the idealistic to the unethical, as a group they were a major part of the political coalition that supported Congressional Reconstruction in southern state governments.
What are Carpetbaggers?
These laws, passed as new Southern state governments were formed during Presidential Reconstruction, were designed to restrict the political and economic rights of African-Americans and maintain the pre-war racial order.
What are Black Codes?
This political scandal, broken in 1875, involved U.S. federal revenue agents working with the liquor industry to defraud the federal taxpayers out of millions.
What was the Whiskey Ring?
Morehouse, Howard, and Fisk are examples of these, which African-Americans began founding during Reconstruction to provide education for their community.
What are private colleges?
This was the name given to the Presidential Reconstruction plan, a reference to the amount of voters that needed to swear an oath of loyalty to the Union and Constitution in order to set up a new state government and rejoin the Union.
What is the 10-percent plan?
These pieces of legislation rejected the state governments formed under Presidential Reconstruction, divided most of the South into five military districts, and set the requirement to rejoin the Union at voting to support and ratify the 14th Amendment.
What were the Reconstruction Acts of 1867?
This derogatory name was given to native Southern Republicans who supported Congressional Reconstruction and were seen as traitors by their fellow Southerners.
What are Scalawags?
These two Wall Street financiers attempted to corner the U.S. gold market in 1869 by making an unethical deal with President Grant's brother in law.
Who are Jay Gould and James Fisk?
Blanche K. Bruce and Hiram Revels were the first African-Americans to serve as these federal government representatives?
What are U.S. senators?
This was the main priority of Presidential Reconstruction, which it focused on over all other goals.
What is reintegrating the South into the Union?
This report from a united Senate and House group argued that Presidential Reconstruction had failed, and that Congress was the proper governmental branch to lead Reconstruction.
What was the Report of the Joint Committee of 1866?
This group of southern conservatives, who gained power after Reconstruction started to end, worked to reject much of the legislation of Reconstruction and supported a policy of states rights, low taxes, reduced social programs, and support for white supremacy in the South.
Who are Redeemers?
This New York City Democrat was the main party boss in the city and defrauded New York City taxpayers out of millions that were given to himself or his supporters until he was exposed and arrested in 1871.
Who was William "Boss" Tweed?
Due to things such as discrimination and the Sharecropping system, by 1880, only five percent of African-Americans had access to this, a major factor in wealth production.
What is private land ownership?
This was the number of Ex-Confederate states that had qualified for reentry to the Union at the end of Presidential Reconstruction.
What is Eleven?
This was the final piece of Civil Rights legislation passed during Congressional Reconstruction, which protected African-Americans from discrimination in public services and in juries.
What was the Civil Rights Act of 1875?
The passage of this act gave ex-Confederates back most of their political rights, allowing Democrats to retake control of Southern state governments at the very end of Reconstruction.
What was the Amnesty Act of 1872?
This scandal that rocked the Grant administration involved Wall Street figures bribing Congressmen in order to prevent them from investigating how much profit they were making off of government contracts involving the transcontinental railroad.
What is the Credit Mobilier Affair?
Despite making up the largest and most important voting bloc for Southern Republican governments, African-Americans only held about 20% of these.
What are state government representative positions?