What is the Plan?
Lincoln’s main vision for Reconstruction was to....
reunite the nation as quickly and painlessly as possible
What did ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment mean for African Americans?
It provided African Americans with a future free from slavery.
These laws, first passed in the late 1800s, enforced racial segregation in the South.
Jim Crow
What was the key economic difference between the North and South before the Civil War. Think about what each region depended on to make money and produce goods
What is that the North relied more on industry and factories, while the South relied heavily on agriculture and cotton produced by enslaved labor?
This period in U.S. history lasted from 1865 to 1877 and focused on rebuilding the South, determining the status and rights of formerly enslaved people, and restoring Southern states to the Union after the Civil War.
Reconstruction
Part of Lincoln’s Reconstruction plan involved the “Ten Percent Plan”, which required that
ten percent of a state’s voters take a loyalty oath to the Union
The Fifteenth Amendment protected the right of African American men to....
Vote
What are 3 tactics used as “loopholes” for the 15th Amendment?
Literacy Tests, Poll Taxes, Grandfather Clause
The verdict in Plessy v. Ferguson established....
legalized segregation as long as “separate-but-equal” facilities were provided.
This voting restriction allowed a person to avoid a literacy test or poll tax if their grandfather had been eligible to vote before the Civil War. Southern states used it to help preserve voting rights for many white citizens while excluding many Black Americans.
Grandfather Clause
Which president rejected efforts to expand the Freedmen’s Bureau and returned confiscated Southern land to former Confederates as part of his lenient approach to Reconstruction?
Andrew Johnson
A formerly enslaved person is now legally free but is denied citizenship and equal protection under state law. Which Reconstruction Amendment was specifically designed to address this issue?
14th Amendment
What form of Southern Resistance is shown below?
Excerpt (1865, Mississippi law):
“...No person of color shall be permitted to rent or keep a house within the limits of any town or city unless he is employed by a white person, or has written permission from local authorities.”
Black Codes
The Freedmen’s Bureau was created during Reconstruction to......
organization made up of a group that helped provide newly freed African Americans raise quality of life (Education, Healthcare, Housing, etc).
A system in which landowners provide farmers with housing and supplies in exchange for a share of the crop raised
Sharecropping
The Radical Republicans believed Reconstruction should do more than simply reunite the country. What was one major goal they wanted to accomplish?
They wanted to protect the rights of formerly enslaved African Americans and fundamentally change Southern society and government.
Which amendment contains the Citizenship Clause, establishing that people born or naturalized in the United States are citizens of both the United States and the state where they live?
14th Amendment
Founded by former Confederate soldiers in Tennessee during Reconstruction, this secret organization used violence, intimidation, and terror to oppose Reconstruction governments and prevent newly freed African Americans from exercising their rights.
KKK or Klu Klux Klan
In 1892, Homer Plessy was arrested after sitting in a “whites-only” railroad car in Louisiana. He was accused of violating this state law, which required racially segregated railroad cars.
Separate Car Act
This group was distinguished by their fierce advocacy for the abolition of slavery, enfranchisement of black citizens
Radical Republicans
After Andrew Johnson was impeached, how did the Radical Republicans plan to force Southern states to follow their Reconstruction policies?
They placed the South under military rule (Martial Law) and required Southern states to meet Congress’s requirements for readmission to the Union.
The 15th Amendment prohibited denying a citizen the right to vote based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude. Which 2 groups were not specifically protected by the language of the 15th Amendment and therefore remained excluded from constitutional voting protection.
Women and Native Americans
The 13th Amendment states:
“Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States…”
Identify the specific language in the amendment that Southern states could interpret and use to create laws that restricted the freedom of African Americans after slavery ended. Explain how this exception could be exploited to undermine the purpose of the 13th Amendment.
“except as a punishment for crime" Southern states could use this exception to criminalize minor or vague offenses and then use convict leasing and forced prison labor to force African Americans to work under extremely exploitative conditions.
What was the outcome of the Compromise of 1877?
Rutherford B. Hayes became president on the condition of him removing federal troops from the south
Northerners who moved South to improve their economic or political situation
Carpetbaggers