The Reconstruction Era
The period of time following the Civil War when the U.S. Congress passed laws designed to rebuild the country and bring the states that had seceded back into the Union, is called ________________________.
Reconstruction
Separate schools, water fountains, and restaurants are all examples of what?
Segregation
This amendment explained that U.S. citizens could not be denied the right to vote based on race or color of their skin.
a. the 13th Amendment
b. the 14th Amendment
c. the 15th Amendment
the 15th Amendment
After the Civil War and Reconstruction, Virginia transitions from being mainly ____________ to __________.
Rural (agriculture) to Urban (industrialized)
Cities needed better __________ as their populations increased.
transportation (street cars, trains, roads, cars)
Freedmen and poor farmers rented land from plantation owners and paid the for the land using crops they grew. This is called ___________.
Sharecropping
What group of Virginians did Jim Crow Laws effect the most?
African Americans.
This agency was developed to help newly freed African Americans find jobs, education, food, and some medical care.
The Freedmen's Bureau
What helped small towns grow into big cities?
Railroads
This industry, found in the Appalachian Plateau region, helped Virginia to expand.
The economy in Virginia was destroyed after the war. What were two big problems faced by Virginians?
1. Money had no value.
2. Banks were closed.
Voting test, poll taxes, separate schools, and separate seating on the bus are all examples of the implementation of what?
Jim Crow Laws
This amendment abolished slavery in the United States.
a. the 13th Amendment
b. the 14th Amendment
c. the 15th Amendment
The 13th Amendment
Crop prices were _____. It became harder for farmers to make a living.
low
During the 20th century, Northern Virginia grew because of _____________.
Federal Government jobs
After slavery was abolished, millions of freed Black people across the south needed what 5 things?
housing, education, clothing, food and jobs
The Supreme Court ruled in the case of Plessy v. Ferguson that people could be ___________.
Legally separated in public facilities based on race
This person became the first president of a Black college in Petersburg, Virginia, and also went on to become the first Black man to represent Virginia as a U.S. Congressman.
John Mercer Langston
People moved from rural to urban areas, like cities, to _____________.
find jobs (economic opportunities)
During the late 20th and early 21st century, Northern Virginia & the Coastal Plain (Tidewater) region grew because of ____________.
The computer technology industry
Sharecropping was a system that required hard work and was often unfair. Many ended up in deep ______.
debt
Name three ways that Jim Crow Laws affect African Americans.
-made voting more difficult
-faced difficulty holding public office
-forced to use separate, poor quality facilities
-attended separate schools
(any combo of these will work)
This amendment stated that all people born in the United States, or people who pass a naturalization test, are citizens.
a. the 13th Amendment
b. the 14th Amendment
c. the 15th Amendment
the 14th Amendment
Farming changed with _________ improvements and ___________ (using more machines like the tractor).
transportation and mechanization
Many people have moved to Virginia from other states and countries, this has made Virginia's population more __________.
diverse