What do we call the period after the Civil War when the South was rebuilt?
Reconstruction
100
What are landless farmers who work a landowner's land for a share of the crop?
Sharecroppers
100
What is a railroad that spans a continent from coast to coast?
Transcontinental Railroad
100
What animal provided Native Americans with food, clothing, and shelter?
Buffalo
100
Where would you find barbed wire fences and sod houses?
Great Plains
200
What amendment ended slavery?
Thirteenth Amendment
200
Why did many former slaves become sharecroppers (give two reasons)?
They had no money to buy their own land, many were skilled in farming, there were not many jobs available to them
200
Describe two problems caused by gold and silver mining in the West.
Pollution of streams, deforestation, poor treatment of Native Americans and foreign miners, vigilantes, ghost towns
200
The introduction of what animal in the 1600s changed the Plains Indians' way of life?
Horse
200
What is sod?
Top layer of soil on the Great Plains held together by prairie grass roots
300
What amendment gave African American men the right to vote?
Fifteenth Amendment
300
What is a fee that voters are required to pay each time they vote?
Poll Tax
300
Why did the transcontinental railroad hire a lot of immigrant laborers?
Cheap labor
300
What term means the process of adapting to a new culture?
Assimilate
300
Who led U.S. soldiers at the Battle of the Little Bighorn?
Colonel George Custer
400
What amendment granted citizenship to all persons born in the United States?
Fourteenth Amendment
400
What is a test that requires voters to read and explain a difficult part of the Constitution?
Literacy Test
400
What law offered 160 acres of land to any individual who could live on it and farm it for five years?
Homestead Act
400
What new religion sprang up among Reservation Indians in the 1890s? It claimed that the Indians' ancestors and buffalo would return and the whites would disappear.
Ghost Dance
400
What act divided up Native American Reservation land into plots to be given to individual families?
Dawes Act
500
What was the immediate cause of secession of Southern states from the Union?
Election of Abraham Lincoln
500
What Supreme Court decision declared segregation legal as long as the separate facilities were equal?
Plessy v. Ferguson
500
Why did large companies take over most gold and silver mining in the West?
The silver and gold lay deep in the ground where it could be reached only by expensive machinery
500
What gold strike brought an end to the Fort Laramie Treaty when whites invaded the lands of Native Americans?