Statistics
Addiction is due __% to genetic predisposition.
50% (40-60%)
The part of the brain that enables us to make thoughtful decisions, assess situations, and keep our emotions under control, stops developing around what age?
20-25
If there is a family history of drug use, your risk for addiction is ___.
Increased (Why is this considered under relapse prevention planning?)
Mind-altering psychoactive drug. THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol) is the main ingredient that produces the psychoactive effect. Addictive.
Marijuana (Dry, shredded, green/brown mix of flowers, stems, seeds and leaves from the cannabis sativa plant).
T/F We all have the genetic predisposition for addiction because there is an evolutionary advantage to that.
True
Roughly __% of all Marijuana users will become addicted to the drug.
10%
This is the chemical that is most responsible for feelings of pleasure. It is considered the “reward” neurotransmitter.
Dopamine
People, places, or things that cause you to crave substances. If you are unaware of them they can lead to a relapse.
White, crystalline powder derived from coca leaves. Smoking or injection creates an intense euphoric “rush.” Tolerance builds quickly, easy to overdose.
Cocaine; Cocaine base (crack) looks like small, irregularly shaped white rocks.
A hormone that is released form the adrenal gland and is responsible for the feeling of stress.
Cortisol (Long-term cortisol dysregulation that results from long-term substance use can contribute to relapse potential)
About __% of Americans who have depression or an anxiety disorder also have a substance use disorder.
20%
This neurotransmitter is responsible for a stable and balanced mood. Reduced levels can result in mood imbalance.
Serotonin
What are 3 things to include on your relapse prevention plan?
People to call, coping skills, warning signs, self-care strategies, high-risk situations, gratitude list, etc.
Depressants that produce sedation, induce sleep, relieve anxiety and prevent seizures. Overdose may be fatal.
Benzodiazepines (Prescribed as Valium, Xanax, Ativan, Klonopin).
The twelve-steps were originally ___ steps, that were broken down in to smaller sections to make them easier to understand.
6
More than __% of people who have an addiction started to drink alcohol or use drugs before they were 18 years old.
90%
Small, almond-shaped structure that regulates emotion and memory and is associated with the brain’s reward system, stress, and the “fight or flight” response when someone perceives a threat.
Amygdala
Occurs as the brain recalibrates after active addiction. Typically involve more of the psychological and emotional aspects of withdrawal than physical aspects of withdrawal. Symptoms can become a driving factor in relapse.
Post-Acute Withdrawal Syndrome (PAWS - can you name some?)
Prescription stimulants used to treat Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Used as a study aid, to stay awake, and to suppress appetites. Overdose can be fatal.
Amphetamines (Prescribed as Adderall, Concerta, Dexedrine, Ritalin).
This substance used to be legal and was marketed as a cough suppressant.
What is heroin
Almost __ million Americans have at least 1 addiction, yet only __% of them receive treatment.
21, 10%
Region of the brain associated with coordination, motivation, routine, and habit. Also associated with reward and pleasure, this area of the brain plays a key role in the rewarding effects of substances and the ability of cues associated with substance use to trigger cravings
Basal Ganglia (and Nucleus Accumbens)
What are the 3 stages of relapse? (What happens in each one?)
Emotional Relapse, Mental Relapse, Physical Relapse
A synthetic opioid that is 50-100 times stronger than morphine. Pharmaceutical ___ was developed for pain management treatment of cancer patients, applied in a patch on the skin.
Fentanyl (Is also added to heroin to increase its potency, or be disguised as highly potent heroin. Many users believe that they are purchasing heroin and actually don’t know that they are purchasing fentanyl)
From the video: What were the 2 groups of at risk kids that predicted risky adolescent alcohol use?
1: those who presented with emotional and conduct problems (more likely to drink to cope and to deal with depression and anxiety)
2: those who were highly sociable, fun-seeking, highly impulsive (this was the bigger group)