Terminology
I cause a blood clot that stops the flow of blood to an area of the brain.
What am I?
Ischemic stroke
Why was fMRI a good option for mapping domain general regions?
fMRI is good at mapping broad regions of brain activity by measuring blood flow of the cingular-opercular network and not neural activity directly. The blood flow can reveal changes in brain areas as small as a millimeter cubed.
What was the purpose of having the stroke patients perform a number of other assessments besides the in-scanner performance tests?
Post-stroke aphasia is a multidimentional disorder, this allowed them to capture the range of the deficit across several language and non-language neuropsychological domains.
What are the four main signs to look for if you think that someone is having a stroke?
FAST
(Face, Arms, Speech, Time)
I cause blood leaking into brain tissue and the blood vessels rupture.
what am I?
hemorrhagic stroke
Name 3 advantages of MRI
1)Safety - Far less radiation exposure
compared to CT (essentially none)
2)Non-invasive
3) Multiple types of images can be obtained.
4) Easily combined with other techniques.
5) Fast and getting faster!
6) Fairly comfortable.
True of False
A subject comes in 2 weeks post stroke for a behavioral assessment. The speech scan using the magnetic resonance microphone was transcribed and analyzed to calculate the number of appropriate information carrying words (AICW).
During the speech test they had difficulty articulating speech and therefore had a very low AICW count.
False-
Purely articulatory and dysarthria(unclear articulation) errors were not penalized when calculating AICW, but semantic and phonological errors were accounted for.
what is our team name?
team scoopity woop
What does the following abbreviation stand for:
preSMA/dACC
presupplementary motor area/dorsal anterior cingulate cortex
fMRI detects the changes in oxygenated to deoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood.
True of False,
Oxygenated hemoglobin is diamagnetic and deoxygenated hemoglobin is paramagnetic.
false.
Oxygenated hemoglobin is paramagnetic and deoxygenated hemoglobin is diamagnetic.
Out of all of the assessments, which was the key measure of speech production ability? and how did they make this assessment?
in-scanner language measurement
Subjects spoke into a magnetic resonance compatible microphone.
Speech was transcribed and analyzed to calculate the number of appropriate information carrying words and the syllable rate of speech production
What measures metabolic correlates of neural activity.
fMRI
What does "domain-general" mean?
Language performance is widely distributed across brain regions that contribute to cognition.
For the in-scanner language assessment, what type of imaging was done? (T1, T2, FLAIR, DWI, or DTI)
T1-weighted
Name two measurements that showed to have a positive correlation with language recovery. (an additional 100 points will be rewarded if you can name all 4)
Cognitive score
Language measure
Decision task accuracy
Years of education
If we wanted the T1 to show up brighter on T1-weighted images. What did we learn in class is a non-toxic paramagnetic contrast enhancement agent that is injected during an MRI scan?
Gadolinium (Gad)
What are the components of the cingular-opercular network?
Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex & presupplementary motor area (preSMA/dACC), Bilateral anterior insular & inferior frontal gyrus
what is the purpose of using MNI-152?
In order to compare different brains in a study, MNI is used to take an average template of 150 brains and this is known as “ standard space”
Name one idea for potential future work involving "domain general" brain regions:
Lots of things!
ex: Using this study to examine how domain general regions can improve the recovery of other types of brain damage
How does plasticity come into play with this study and why is this important?
Plasticity is the ability of the brain to modify its connections or rewire itself. Without this ability, the brain would be unable to recover from injury.