Role of cerebral function in memory and attention problems
Define coding and name 3 ways in which information can be coded in LTM.
the way in which information is changed and stored.
1. acoustically
2. semantically
3. physically
How many patients attend hospital following a traumatic brain injury per yesr?
(in Wales and England)
1.4 million
list 3 things the frontal lobe is responsible for
1. voluntary movement
2. expressive language
3. ability to organise and plan
4. emotional expression and regulation
5. reward centre - dopamine is very active controlling reward and motivational behaviours.
6. regulation of attention
7. language - understanding and speaking
8. impulsivity control
Amnesia is a deficit in what type of memory?
Long term memory.
What is the average cost of hospitalisation of someone who has suffered moderate to severe traumatic brain injury?
Average cost was £15,462
this took into account acute treatments provided and outcomes.
this did vary with age, severity, coexisting injury, availability of specialist treatments etc.
name 3 characteristic features of someone who has experienced damage to their frontal lobe in relation to mood change.
1. lack of self control (no "breaking mechanism"), poor judgement, lack of concern for others
2. can be prone to outbursts of anger, or be seeming emotionless, difficulty in controlling emotions.
3. difficulty concentrating, inappropriate social behaviour (e.g., may include inappropriate sexual activity), difficulty performing tasks which require multiple steps.
- In the anterior part of temperoneocortex which is adjacent to the hippocampus.
- It is a subtype of frontotemporal dementia.
To be defined as a traumatic brain injury what score must you originally get on the Glasgow coma scale?
8 or less
Why is the frontal lobe at a particular big risk of damage or change?
1. location, at the front of the head so is vulnerable
2. one of the last parts of the brain to fully develop (around 25 years) so damage or other factors such as infections, drug use, abuse, an unstimulating environment as a child can alter development and lead to developmental abnormalities.
Studying Parkinson's patients, one brain structure has been linked to a specific type of memory function.
1. what is the brain structure?
2. what is its role (relating to memory.)
- recalling spatial information
- encoding spatial information
-
what percentage of traumatic head injuries do these age groups make up:
- 20 to 30 years
- 80 to 90 years
- 20 to 30 years - 15%
- 80 to 90 years - 20%
name 3 characteristics of damage to the frontal lobe in relation to personality and behavioural change.
1.lack of self control (no "breaking mechanism")
2. poor judgement
3. lack of concern for others
4. difficulty concentrating
4. inappropriate social behaviour (e.g., may include inappropriate sexual activity)
5. difficulty performing tasks which require multiple steps.
6 abulia - difficulty making decisions
Explain why memory of childhood events is often spared in amnesia.
Through consolidation:
1. initially the hippocampus is relied on to combine parts of a memory - place, people etc.
2. overtime the reliance of the hippocampus is lost.
3. instead connections are formed within the neocortex connecting and associating these pats of the memory together essentially bypassing the hippocampus.
name 3 social and behavioural effects children who have suffered traumatic brain injury may display.
1. low levels of self esteem
2. low levels adaptive behaviour (age appropriate behaviours people need in order to live independently)
3. aggression / antisocial behaviour
4. high levels of loneliness
5. maladaptive behaviour (behaviours that limit you from being able to adapt to new environments)
name the borders of the frontal lobe.
anteriorly and superiorly - the frontal bone
posteriorly - the central sulcus leading to the parietal lobe
inferolateral - the lateral sulcus and the temporal lobe
inferiorly - floor of anterior cranial fossa