Phonological Awareness
Phonological awareness is broken down into four levels of development. What are the four levels?
What is:
1. Word Level (Largest Level)
2. Syllable Level
3. Onset-Rime Level
4. Phoneme(ic) Level (Smallest Level)
The method of instruction in which students are taught the systematic relationship between letter and letter combinations (graphemes) and their individual sounds (phonemes) in a spoken language is known as...
What is phonics instruction?
This is described as a student's ability to demonstrate accurate reading of a connected text at a conversational rate and with appropriate prosody (or expression).
What is reading fluency?
This is known as the knowledge of words and word meanings.
What is vocabulary or vocabulary knowledge?
This is defined as "the process of simultaneously extracting and constructing meaning through interaction and involvement within written language" (RAND Reading Study Group, 2002).
What is reading comprehension?
Phonological awareness refers to the ability to...
What is...
detect, identify, and manipulate phonemes in spoken words?
When students are able to associate written letter(s) to specific sounds, this concept is known as...
What is the alphabetic principle?
To develop a student's oral reading fluency, the teacher must include instruction that specifically targets the three elements of fluent reading. The three elements are...
What is accuracy (automaticity), rate, and prosody?
When two languages have similarities in meaning, pronunciation, and/or spelling, they are known as...
What are cognates?
These are the three elements that need to exist within the larger social and cultural context that work together, helping students comprehend a text.
What are the reader, the activity, and the text?
When a student is only changing the initial phoneme within a word to create a new word, as in:
/sat/ to /cat/,
the student is working with what level of phonological awareness?
What is onset-rime?
The ability to convert a word from print to speech is a process known as...
What is decoding?
This element of fluency is comprised of pitch (intonation), stress patterns (syllable prominence), and duration (length of time).
What is prosody or prosodic reading?
These are known as the smallest part of a word that has meaning. They are further identified by whether they can or cannot stand alone.
What are morphemes?
This type of text communicates facts about the natural or social word and may include more academic, rather than social, vocabulary.
What is expository text?
This instructional strategy is used to help students connect individual phonemes (phonemic awareness) to their corresponding sounds found within whole word reading.
What is/are Elkonin Box(es)?
When teachers apply this type of phonics instruction, students' reading significantly improves in grades K and 1; it helps their overall ability to comprehend text; it is effective in preventing some reading difficulties among students who are at risk.
What is systematic and explicit phonics instruction?
In order to help build reading fluency with English Language Learners, teachers can build off of their ELL's ____, which is also known as the student's native tongue.
What is home language?
Within the three tiered system, words like, anthracite, mycelium, and shoal would fall within this tier.
What is Tier III?
This specific type of comprehension strategy is used when students are actively aware of whether or not they are understanding the text and attuning to problems as they arise.
What is monitoring comprehension or using metacognitive strategies?
When students demonstrate this specific reading disability, characterized by poor spelling and decoding, they may later demonstrate additional complications related to other areas of reading as they get older.
What is dyslexia?
What is automatic word recognition?
This integrated approach to fluency instruction combines repeated oral readings and teacher-assisted readings with independent silent readings.
What is Fluency-Oriented Reading Instruction (FORI)?
According to Honig et al. (2018), there are two forms of vocabulary that can also be used within receptive and productive language. They are known as...
What is oral and print vocabulary?
This specific instructional strategy is an interactive read-aloud method that fosters students engagement during a read-aloud, where the students become the "teacher" and the teacher becomes the "student."
What is Dialogic Reading?