Phonological Awareness
Phonological awareness refers to the ability to...
What is...
detect, identify, and manipulate phonemes in spoken words?
The method of instruction in which students are taught the systematic relationship between letter and letter combinations (graphemes) and their individual sounds (phonemes) in a spoken language is known as...
What is phonics instruction?
This is described as a student's ability to demonstrate accurate reading of a connected text at a conversational rate and with appropriate prosody (or expression).
What is reading fluency?
When two languages have similarities in meaning, pronunciation, and/or spelling, they are known as...
What are cognates?
This is defined as "the process of simultaneously extracting and constructing meaning through interaction and involvement within written language" (RAND Reading Study Group, 2002).
What is reading comprehension?
Phonological awareness is broken down into four levels of development. What are the four levels?
What is:
1. Word Level (Largest Level)
2. Syllable Level
3. Onset-Rime Level
4. Phoneme(ic) Level (Smallest Level)
When students are able to associate written letter(s) to specific sounds, this concept is known as...
What is the alphabetic principle?
To develop a student's oral reading fluency, the teacher must include instruction that specifically targets the three elements of fluent reading. The three elements are...
What is accuracy (automaticity), rate, and prosody?
These are known as the smallest part of a word that has meaning. They are further identified by whether they can or cannot stand alone.
What are morphemes?
These are the three elements that need to exist within the larger social and cultural context that work together, helping students comprehend a text.
What are the reader, the activity, and the text?
When a student is only changing the initial phoneme within a word to create a new word, as in:
/sat/ to /cat/,
the student is working with what level of phonological awareness?
What is onset-rime?
The ability to convert a word from print to speech is a process known as...
What is decoding?
This element of fluency is comprised of pitch (intonation), stress patterns (syllable prominence), and duration (length of time).
What is prosody or prosodic reading?
Within the three tiered system, words like, anthracite, mycelium, and shoal would fall within this tier.
What is Tier III?
This type of text communicates facts about the natural or social word and may include more academic, rather than social, vocabulary.
What is expository text?
This instructional strategy is used to help students connect individual phonemes (phonemic awareness) to their corresponding sounds found within whole word reading.
What is/are Elkonin Box(es)?
When teachers apply this type of phonics instruction, students' reading significantly improves in grades K and 1; it helps their overall ability to comprehend text; it is effective in preventing some reading difficulties among students who are at risk.
What is systematic and explicit phonics instruction?
In order to help build reading fluency with English Language Learners, teachers can build off of their ELL's ____, which is also known as the student's native tongue.
What is home language?
This type of vocabulary is passive and needed for reading and listening skills.
What is receptive vocabulary?
This specific type of comprehension strategy is used when students are actively aware of whether or not they are understanding the text and attuning to problems as they arise.
What is monitoring comprehension or using metacognitive strategies?
Prefixes, derivational suffixes, and inflectional suffixes are all types of...
What is affixes?
Sound phonics instruction will lead to _______, where students are able to decode words quickly and effortlessly.
What is automatic word recognition?
This type of language is used in schools and academic settings. It is the opposite of social language.
What is academic language?
This type of vocabulary is needed when speaking and/or writing.
What is productive/expressive vocabulary?
This specific instructional strategy is an interactive read-aloud method that fosters students engagement during a read-aloud, where the students become the "teacher" and the teacher becomes the "student."
What is Dialogic Reading?