Extinction and Extirpation
What is the term for the disappearance of every individual of a species from the entire planet?
Extinction
This human activity involves cutting down forests and damaging habitats.
logging/forestry/habitat destruction
This is the term for breeding by humans of plants and animals with desirable traits.
artificial selection
what is a clone
This is a genetically identical copy of an entire organism or its cells or genes.
One PRO of artificial selection is the creation of these medical treatments
new medication/insulin
What is the term for the local extinction, or disappearance of a species from a particular area?
Extirpation
Pesticides, herbicides, fertilizers, toxic waste, and nuclear radiation are all examples of this cause.
pollution
artificial selection/selective breeding with what fruit did we talk about ?
A strawberry farmer does this by collecting seeds from the 10 best strawberries and cross-breeding them for generations.
artificial insemination
This technique involves artificial collection and injection of sperm into an egg, used in livestock breeding.
What is genetically similar/reduced genetic variation ?
It is One CON of artificial selection is that populations become too similar in this way
This animal was once commonly found from BC mountains to Manitoba Prairies but is now mainly found only in the mountains.
grizzly bear
overhunting/overfishing
This occurred with bison, beavers, and tuna populations due to excessive hunting or fishing.
what are undesirable traits
Artificial selection can remove these types of traits, like strawberries that get disease easily.
This is fertilization that happens outside of the body in a petri dish.
vitro fertilization (IVF)
What are keystone species
These organisms are an example of a disproportionately large effect on their natural environment and make drastic changes.
Scientists estimate this percentage of all species that have ever existed are now extinct.
99%
Species that are not native to an environment and have no natural predators are called this.
What are nonnative/invasive species
What are wild species?
Most of our plants no longer resemble these due to artificial selection.
This process involves intentionally altering the DNA of an organism, like inserting a human gene into bacteria.
genetic engineering?
What is over-specialization?
This natural cause of extinction occurs when a species has adaptations for only a small set of environmental conditions.
In 1904, this tree species was wiped out in America by a fungus from Asia.
American chestnut
These sudden events like earthquakes or volcanic eruptions can cause mass extinctions and are called this.
catastrophic events
Indigenous communities have been practicing artificial selection for this length of time.
Generations
This toxin, produced by Bacillus thuringiensis, has been inserted into cotton, corn, and potato plants to kill insects.
Bt toxin
Today, most of the world's supply of insulin comes from?
, thanks to genetically engineered bacteria