Finances
Ex-prisoners have three financial choices when returning to communities: find a job, remain unemployed, or this.
Not isolating oneself, nor ignoring opinions, but actively doing this as a way of coping.
These are important for developing self-esteem and a social identity.
Neighborhoods.
Friendships.
This is reduced when financial hardship limits residents' abilities to provide assistance to their neighbors.
The community's overall capacity for supporting networks and reciprocity.
This type of group is formed when stigmatized individuals are alienated from their community.
Insular group.
These are positive potential resources for a community.
Ex-prisoners who want to make good or reenterning prisoners.
Communities with lower levels of reciprocated exchange produce lower levels of this.
Collective Efficacy.
Large groups on street corners leads to fewer numbers of these people in local shops.
Legitimate customers.
Trust, belonging, and connectedness are the result of this "change of heart."
Improved opinions.
High levels of this can lead people to identify themselves as coming from a "bad community."
Coercive Mobility.
Ex-offenders are lead to do this since former friendship and gang ties are easily reestablished.