Luther
This German monk started the Protestant Reformation.
Who is Martin Luther?
This pope excommunicated Martin Luther.
Who is Pope Leo X?
This reformer founded Calvinism.
Who is John Calvin?
This king broke away from the Catholic Church after the pope denied his annulment.
Who is King Henry VIII?
Henry VIII wanted an annulment from this wife so he could remarry.
Who is Catherine of Aragon?
This document listed 95 complaints against the Catholic Church.
What are the 95 Theses?
According to Luther, salvation comes through this alone.
What is faith? (Justification by faith)
The belief that God has already decided who will go to heaven or hell.
What is predestination?
After breaking from Rome, Henry became this in England.
What is the head of the Church of England?
This wife was executed after being accused of adultery.
Who is Anne Boleyn?
This was the practice of selling forgiveness for sins that Luther strongly criticized.
What are indulgences?
Luther believed this—not church leaders—was the ultimate religious authority.
What is the Bible?
A government controlled by religious leaders.
What is a theocracy?
This queen tried to restore Catholicism and was nicknamed “Bloody Mary.”
Who is Mary I?
This wife died shortly after giving birth to Henry’s only male heir.
Who is Jane Seymour?
After being excommunicated, Luther did this while in hiding to help spread his ideas.
What is translating the New Testament into German?
This declared Luther an outlaw and a heretic. According to this edict, no one in the empire was to give Luther food or shelter. All his books were to be burned.
What is the Edict of Worms
This reformer spread Calvinism to Scotland and founded the Presbyterian Church.
Who is John Knox?
This queen created Anglicanism as a moderate compromise.
Who is Elizabeth I?
This wife outlived Henry VIII and survived him.
Who is Catherine Parr?
How did the invention of the printing press contribute to the long-term success of Martin Luther’s Reformation movement?
The printing press allowed Luther’s 95 Theses and translated Bible to spread quickly across Europe, weakening the Catholic Church’s control over information and encouraging the growth of Protestantism.
List three ways the Protestant Church differed from the Catholic Church.
Salvation by faith alone
Bible translated into native languages
No indulgences
No prayers to saints
Mass in native language
Rejection of papal authority
How was Calvin’s idea of predestination different from Luther’s idea of salvation?
Luther believed salvation came through faith alone; Calvin believed God had already predetermined who would be saved.
Explain how Elizabeth I’s religious settlement was a compromise between Catholics and Protestants.
Mass in English, ended some Catholic rituals, but did not persecute loyal Catholics and kept some traditions.
Put Henry VIII’s six wives in the correct order and briefly state what happened to each marriage.
Catherine of Aragon – Marriage annulled
Anne Boleyn – Executed
Jane Seymour – Died after childbirth
Anne of Cleves – Marriage annulled
Catherine Howard – Executed
Catherine Parr – Survived Henry VIII