Pre-Reformation
Luther
Reformation and Wars of Religion
Italian Renaissance
Renaissance beyond Italy
100
This group of men were often illiterate and immoral in the period leading to the Reformation
Who are priests/bishops?
100
The central European state where Martin Luther was born.
What is the Holy Roman Empire?
100
This reformer, inspired by Martin Luther, also emphasized predestination but claimed the Eucharist was the "spiritual" presence of Christ.
Who is John Calvin?
100
This is the literal meaning of Renaissance.
What is rebirth?
100
This painter, despite being a major figure of the Spanish Renaissance, was actually Greek.
Who is El Greco?
200
This period of Catholic history included three men claiming to be the Pope simultaneously
What is the Western Schism?
200
The profession Martin Luther was trained for as a young man.
What is a lawyer?
200
These Protestants, seen below, practiced baptism of adults only.
Who are Anabaptists?
200
The Italian Renaissance - through art and ideas - tried to revive these two civilizations.
What are Greece and Rome?
200
According to Northern Renaissance artist Albrecht Durer, whose woodcut is seen below, this must be the basis of art.
What is science?
300
Abuse of this Catholic practice directly lead to Martin Luther's first critique of the Church.
What are Indulgences?
300
This emperor, who spent much of his rule trying to stop the spread of Luther's teachings.
Who is Charles V?
300
This English monarch, seen below, persecuted many Catholics for plotting agains her.
Who is Elizabeth I?
300
The technique seen below whereby an artist forces you to look at a single spot.
What is perspective?
300
This form of poetry was perfected by Petrarch and used by Shakespeare in the English Renaissance.
What are sonnets?
400
This devotional book was immensely popular among lay people in the 14th and 15th centuries.
What is the Imitation of Christ?
400
This meeting of Church officials, the Holy Roman Emperor, and Martin Luther where he denounced his membership in the Catholic Church.
What is the Diet of Worms?
400
This agreement, made in 1555, put an end to peasant rebellions in the Holy Roman Empire by stating serfs must follow the religion of their lord.
What is the Peace of Augsburg?
400
This technique emphasizes showing things the way that they actually look.
What is realism?
400
This dynasty of English monarchs brought the stability necessary for the English Renaissance to begin.
Who are the Tudors?
500
This English sect followed the teachings of John Wycliffe during the decades preceding the start of the Reformation.
Who are the Lollards?
500
The saint to whom Martin Luther prayed that he'd be saved from a passing thunder storm.
Who is St. Anne?
500
This event, seen below, started the Thirty Years' War.
What is the Defenestration of Prague?
500
The paintings seen below are part of this church in Rome.
What is the Sistine Chapel (or, St. Peter's Basilica)?
500
These conflicts explain why the Spanish and English Renaissance began later than the Renaissance throughout the rest of Europe.
What are the 100 Years' War and the Islamic rule of Spain?