"Discovered" the "New World" in 1492 and claimed it for Catholic Spain
Christopher Columbus
What was the Counter-Reformation?
The response of the Catholic Church to the Reformation to get followers back.
Why is the Argentinian province of Misiones calle like that?
Because of the Jesuit Missions of education and conversion to Catholicism
What did scholars find in the Bible?
Mistakes in its Latin translation
What was Ignatius of Loyola known for doing?
He started an order of priests called the Jesuits or Society of Jesus to educate people
What did the Catholic Church create to accompany the religious life of a person?
The 7 sacraments (baptism, confession, communion, confirmation, marriage, holy orders, anointment of the sick)
The construction of this building was one of the causes of abuse within the Church
Saint Peter's Basilica
Why did King Henry VIII start the Anglican church in England?
He was married to Queen Catherine, but they had only a daughter (Mary). He had an extra-marital relationship with Anne Boleyn. He asked Pope Clement VII for an annulment (similar to a divorce), the pope refused it. So King Henry VIII started his own church.
How was the role of priests defined in the Council of Trent?
They had to promise 3 vows (obedience, poverty and chastity), administrate the sacraments and design educational programmes for schools
What happened during the Roman and Spanish Inquisition?
Heretics were put on trial, and it usually resulted in their death through torturous ways.
Why was Galileo Galilei imprisoned by the Catholic Church?
Because he said the earth goes round the sun and not the other way around as the Catholic Church had said
Explain the difference in beliefs about "salvation" according to Catholicism and Lutheranism.
Catholics believed that salvation was earned through indulgences, while Lutherans believed salvation was a gift, "justification by faith and repentance"
Who were the two major religious groups fighting during the 30 years' war?
The Catholics and Protestants.
What changes did the Catholic Church make in religious ceremonies (liturgy)?
Music was played, priests turned and looked at the audience and spoke the language of the people
Why was the printing press the most important invention during this period in history?
Because it helped spread knowledge and information
What did Martin Luther nail to the church door of Wittenberg, Germany? Describe a specific example of one of his "complaints."
He nailed the 95 Theses to the church door. Several of his theses focused on the Catholic Church's sale of indulgences.
What does the word "inquisition" mean?
A long period of questioning
Why was the Council of Trent important?
It was a main part of the Counter-Reformation. It discussed what was wrong with the Catholic Church so it could be reformed.