BEFORE the Reformation
The buying or selling of church offices, spiritual roles, or sacred things for money.
What is Simony?
Known as the “Morning Star of the Reformation,” this English theologian argued that Scripture was the highest authority for Christian faith.
Who is John Wycliffe?
Before abruptly becoming a monk, Luther was studying for this profession at his father's wishes.
What is the law?
What is the legal field?
This Dominican friar became one of the most famous preachers associated with the sale of indulgences.
Who was Johann Tetzel?
This technology allowed pamphlets, sermons, and translations of Reformation ideas to circulate rapidly.
What is the printing press?
Although born in France, Calvin's reform movement eventually became centered in this Swiss city.
What is Geneva?
This term describes giving important positions or favors to one's relatives.
What is Nepotism?
Wycliffe's followers, who helped produce and circulate English translations of the Bible, were known by this name.
Who were the Lollards?
Luther said this terrifying event caused him to vow that he would become a monk if he survived
What is a violent thunderstorm?
Papal indulgences are connected with reducing punishment associated with this intermediate state of purification after death.
What is purgatory?
This Swiss city became the center of Ulrich Zwingli's reform movement.
What is Zurich?
Calvin first published this systematic explanation of his Protestant theology in 1536.
What is Inistitutes of the Christian Religion?
This belief or practice closely joins religious and civil authority, allowing government to enforce religious conformity.
What is sacralism?
This Bohemian reformer was influenced by Wycliffe and preached at Bethlehem Chapel in Prague.
Who is Jan Huss?
Luther joined this monastic order after abandoning his study of law.
What was the Order of the Hermits of St. Augustine/the Augustinians?
Luther found the biblical idea that transformed his understanding of salvation especially in this New Testament book.
What is the Book of Romans?
Zwingli's basic approach could be summarized by this question about traditional Christian practices.
What is "Where does the Bible say that?"
What is scriptural justification/evidence
Calvin became particularly associated with this doctrine concerning God's determination of those who will receive salvation.
What is predestination?
What is election?
This crisis involved two—and eventually three—rival men simultaneously claiming to be the true pope.
What was the Western Schism?
Hus traveled to this 1414–1418 Church council under a promise of safe-conduct, only to be arrested, tried, and condemned.
What was the Council of Constance?
Despite confession, fasting, self-punishment, and intense devotion, this personal problem continued to torment Luther as a monk.
What was his overwhelming guilt/fear concerning his sin and salvation?
Complete the phrase central to Luther's reading of Romans 1:17: “The righteous shall live by _____.”
What is faith?
Name THREE traditional practices Zwingli and his supporters rejected or removed.
What are religious images/statues, veneration of saints, clerical celibacy, fasting requirements, and/or the Mass as a sacrifice?
This helpful acronym summarizes the primary tenets of Reformed Theology or Calvinism.
What is TULIP?
Total Depravity
Unconditional Election
Limited Atonement
Irresistible Grace
Perseverance of the Saints
Give TWO reasons the medieval Catholic Church possessed influence extending far beyond religion.
What are examples such as land/wealth, education, charity, monasteries, political influence, universities, or influence over kings and nobles?
More than 40 years after Wycliffe's death, Church authorities did these THREE things to his remains.
What are exhumed his bones, burned them, and threw the ashes into the River Swift?
During his pilgrimage to this city, Luther became increasingly disillusioned after observing relics, indulgences, hurried Masses, and misconduct among some clergy.
What is Rome?
uther's Disputation on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences, written October 31, 1517, became much better known by this name.
What are The 95 Theses?
This doctrine became the major disagreement preventing Luther and Zwingli from fully uniting their reform movements.
What is the Lord's Supper/Communion—specifically Christ's presence in the Eucharist? Luther taught Christ was truly present; Zwingli understood the bread and wine primarily as commemorative/symbolic. 26-27 Reformation Notes FULL KEY
This dynamic attribute of John Calvin's legacy causes no small amount of envy from those with baby faces and bare chins...
What are Beards?