Catholicism
Describe the Catholic belief of human nature.
Humans were corrupted by Adam and Eve's original sin, but are not completely evil. Through God's grace, human nature is transformed.
Describe Luther's concept of human nature.
Humans are empty, filthy bags.
Describe Calvin's concept of human nature.
Human nature is sinful forever. God deigns to choose certain individuals to save, but everyone deserves to go to hell. (Total depravity)
Who broke from the Catholic church over England?
Henry VIII.
What ended the 30 Years War?
Peace of Westphalia; It allowed Calvinists to rule provinces within the Holy Roman Empire and demanded that people follow their leader's religion.
Describe the Catholic belief of free will.
The will is weighed down by sin, but it exists. Humans are able to choose for themselves.
Describe Luther's concept of free will.
Humans are weighed down by sin, and God pushes humans in the right direction; humans have free will then to accept God BUT NOT TO DO any other good thing of their own volition.
Describe Calvin's concept of free will.
Free will does not exist, only irresistible grace. If God chooses to save you, you cannot resist.
Why did [the person who started the Church of England] break away from Rome? In other words, what was the motivation?
Henry VIII wanted a divorce from his wife, Catherine, and the Pope would not grant it.
How did the 30 Years War begin?
A failure of the Peace of Augsburg.
True or False: Catholicism believes in predestination.
False: no predestination is mentioned.
True or False: Luther believed in predestination.
False: Luther doesn't mention predestination.
True or False: Calvin believed in predestination.
True: before the creation, God knew who He was going to create and chose people to go to heaven and hell. He created people with the intention of sending them to hell because it proves His glory (because everyone deserves to go to hell).
True or False: the Church of England is most similar in doctrine to Lutheranism.
False: The Church of England most closely reflects Catholicism.
What main event during the 30 Years War involved a Catholic being tossed out the window?
The Defenestration of Prague. Protestants stormed the castle and threw the king's regents out the window. They survived by falling into a pile of manure.
Describe the Catholic perspective on works: are they required for salvation?
Faith and works are required for salvation.
Describe Luther's perspective on works: Are works required for salvation?
Faith alone saves mankind, but you will do good works if you have faith.
Describe Calvin's perspective on works: Are they required for salvation?
If you're saved, you will do good works. If you have faith, then you are saved. If you do not do good works or have faith, then you are not among the elect.
What Catholic English Queen came to the throne after her father? Who was she, and what horrific punishments did she assign to Protestants in England?
Queen Mary I, "Bloody Mary." She burned protestants at the stake.
What was the name of the King of Sweden involved in the 30 Years War?
Gustavus Adolphus
Describe the Catholic perspective of justification (how do you become deserving of salvation?)
As you are transformed from an enemy to a friend of God, you will experience a process from faith to hope to trust to love.
Describe Luther's perspective of justification (how does someone earn salvation?)
As soon as you have faith, Christ enters your heart and covers your soul with himself like whiteness on a wall. (Marriage with Christ).
Describe Calvin's perspective of justification (how does someone earn salvation?)
God chooses you to have faith, and then you know that you are chosen.
Which ruler was executed by Parliament, and for what crime? Which religion did he belong to?
Charles I, for rebelling against Parliament. He was Anglican (a member of the Church of England).
Name the four phases of the 30 Years War.
Bohemian phase; Danish phase; Swedish phase; Swedish-French Phase.