Beset by enemies on all sides, this Habsburg emperor ruled a shaky empire from Austria to Mexico, which his descendants would fruitlessly attempt to unite.
Who is Charles V?
100
1517
What is Luther nailed his 95 theses to the Cathedral Church at Wittenberg?
100
Protected by a coterie of princes, he refused to recant his doctrine of sola fide to Emperor Charles V at the Diet of Worms in 1521.
Who is Martin Luther?
100
The most powerful empire in the early 17th Century, flush with New World silver.
What is Spain?
100
Consubstantiation, sola fide, sola scriptura, priesthood of all believers...
What is Lutheranism?
200
Despite his Catholic beliefs, this king of England broke from Rome in 1534 in order to secure a divorce from Catherine of Aragon.
Who is Henry VIII?
200
1555
What is the Peace of Augsburg?
200
He wrote the Institutes of Christian Religion.
Who is John Calvin?
200
The most powerful land power in Europe after the Thirty Years' War.
What is France?
200
Transubstantiation, faith and works, religious orders, scripture and Tradition...
What is Catholicism?
300
This French king was a politique who converted from Calvinism to Catholicism, saying famously that "Paris was worth a Mass."
Who is Henry IV?
300
1648
What is the Peace of Westphalia?
300
He wrote the Book of Common Prayer and served as the first Anglican Archbishop of Canterbury.
Who is Thomas Cranmer?
300
A powerful and newly-independent republic with a capitalist trade-centered empire.
What is the Dutch Republic?
300
Spiritual presence of Christ in the Eucharist, predestination, sola gratia, civil disobedience of the 'lesser magistrates'...
What is Calvinism?
400
This queen of England finally brought stability, political and religious, to England, although she left no Tudor heir.
Who is Elizabeth I?
400
1588
What is the Spanish Armada?
400
He denied Christ's real presence in the Eucharist and split from Luther at the Marburg Colloquy in 1529.
Who is Huldrych Zwingli?
400
Half inside the Empire, half outside, the original base of Habsburg power in Central/Eastern Europe.
What is Austria?
400
Believers' baptism, revolutionary tendencies, unique appeal to peasants...
What is Anabaptism?
500
This Swedish king scored a series of brilliant victories in Germany against the Catholic generals Tilly and Wallenstein before dying in battle.
Who is Gustavus Adolphus?
500
1534
What is the Act of Supremacy?
500
This Anabaptist stirred the peasants to revolt in the 1525 uprising.
Who is Thomas Muentzer?
500
The second-most powerful Lutheran nation-state to directly intervene in the Thirty Years' War.