People
This German monk and theologian initiated the Protestant Reformation with his 95 Theses, challenging the Catholic Church and leading to the creation of Protestant denominations.
Who is Martin Luther?
This term refers to the Catholic Church's efforts to reform itself and counter the spread of Protestantism.
What is the Counter-Reformation?
This practice involved the selling of forgiveness for sins and was a major issue for reformers.
What are indulgences?
he was the Elector of Saxony who protected Martin Luther during the Protestant Reformation:
Frederick the Wise
This Pope led the Counter-reformation and started the Council of Trent
Who is Pope Paul III
This practice, criticized by Martin Luther, involved the selling of church offices and positions, often to the highest bidder.
This Holy Roman Emperor opposed Martin Luther's teachings and sought to maintain the unity of the Catholic Church. He was a key figure in the political and religious conflicts of the era.
Who is Charles V?
This index was created by the Catholic Church to censor books deemed heretical or contrary to Catholic teachings.
What is the Index of Forbidden Books?
This document allowed German princes to choose the religion of their territory, either Catholicism or Lutheranism.
What is the Peace of Augsburg?
This pope excommunicated Martin Luther in 1521.
Pope Leo X
This powerful tribunal of the Catholic Church used violence and feat to combat heresy and enforce religious conformity, especially in Spain and Italy.
What is the Inquisition?
This was the name of the revolt where peasants in Germany demanded economic and social reforms.
What is the German Peasant Revolt?
This Swiss reformer established a theocracy in Geneva and was a major figure in the development of Reformed Christianity.
Who is John Calvin?
This religious order, founded by Ignatius of Loyola, played a significant role in the Counter-Reformation. They focused on education, missionary work, and defending Catholic doctrine.
After refusing to recant his writings, Luther was released - then later declared an outlaw - at this imperial assembly in 1521.
What is the Diet of Worms?