Religious Leaders
Notable Writings
Wars and Peace
Royalty and Reformation
Beliefs and Practices
100
In his Swiss city, the church and city government worked together to encourage Christian behavior.
Who is Jean Calvin of Geneva?
100
He wrote of an imaginary land in the New World where priests were holy and few, but he was canonized as a martyr by the Catholic Church in 1935.
Who is Sir (Saint) Thomas More, author of Utopia?
100
Ending the Schmalkaldic Wars (1546-1555) in the Holy Roman Empire, it declared "cuius regio eius religio" --that a territory's religion would be determined by its ruler.
What is the Peace of Augsburg?
100
He married 6 wives to ensure the succession to his throne.
Who is Henry VIII (1509-1547)?
100
For Catholics, the following were sacraments, rituals performed by a priest that channel the divine grace of the Holy Spirit.
Which did Lutherans and Calvinists keep as sacraments?
•Baptism
•Confirmation
•Penance
•The Mass (Eucharist, Communion)
•Matrimony
•ordination
•Extreme unction (last rites)
What are baptism and the Eucharist (Communion)?
200
What Calvinists were called in England and France.
What are "Huguenots" and "Puritans."
200
In attacking indulgences, they challenged the theology and practices of penance in the Catholic Church.
What are the 95 Theses of Martin Luther?
200
An uprising against Spanish rule in this area became an international battleground for Protestant and Catholic powers in Europe.
What are the Netherlands? (Revolt of the Netherlands 1566-1648).
200
The king of this country was caught between two powerful noble factions, one Protestant and one ultra-Catholic.
What is France in the sixteenth century?
200
It reformed Catholic belief and practices, denouncing some Protestant views and reaffirming Catholic doctrines but also forbidding the sale of indulgences.
300
In addition to poverty, chastity, and obedience they swore loyalty to the pope. Their schools, seminaries, and universities promoted the Catholic Reformation.
Who are the Jesuits, members of the Society of Jesus?
300
They established the Protestantism of the Anglican (English) Church in 1563.
What are the Thirty-Nine Articles presided over by Elizabeth I?
300
The day after a royal wedding intended to bring peace, this wave of violence instead set off another war between Catholics and Protestants.
What are the St. Bartholemew's Day Massacres (August 24 and following, 1572)?
300
This short-lived king established a Calvinist-influenced religion in his realm.
Who is Henry VIII's son Edward VI (r. 1547-1553)?
300
One way to describe it is the belief that "God, who transcends both time and space, chooses some people as the “elect,” those who will be saved, before they are even born.
What is (Calvin's idea of) predestination?
400
Her reform of the Carmelite Order of nuns and her writings on monasticism and mysticism earned her canonization as a Doctor of the Catholic Church.
Who was Teresa of Avila?
400
Authoring a book entitled Defense of the Seven Sacraments did not prevent him from seizing control of the Church in his lands.
Who is Henry VIII (and Thomas More)?
400
Facing a long military campaign to defeat Catholic rebels, he converted from Protestantism to Catholicism.
Who is Henry of Navarre = King Henry IV of France
400
She returned her kingdom from Protestantism to Catholicism and executed about 300 Protestants. Her subjects suspected that she was influenced by her husband, King Philip II of Spain.
Who is ("Bloody") Mary Tudor?
400
Dissolving them and confiscating their wealth enabled a new monarch to reward his followers.
What were monasteries?
500
He wrote to the King of France, "The maintenance of God’s glory unimpaired in the world , the preservation of the honor of divine truth, and the continuance of the kingdom of Christ uninjured among us . . . is a cause worthy of your attention, worthy of your cognizance, worthy of your throne. This consideration constitutes true royalty, to acknowledge yourself in the government of your kingdom to be the minister of God. For where the glory of God is not made the end of the government, it is not a legitimate sovereignty, but a usurpation.”
Who is Jean Calvin?
500
This anonymously published work made turned religious violence into a justification for regicide.
What is the Vindiciae contra Tyrannos (Mornay) ?
500
This settlement enjoined combatants to silence and gave Calvinists the right to practice their religion in certain areas and to maintain specified fortifications.
What is the Edict of Nantes (1598)?
500
In one of her moments of triumph, this queen saw her realm saved by the intervention of a "Protestant Wind."
Who is Elizabeth I of England?
500
His frequent travels through his diocese exemplified the Catholic Reformation's increased supervision of ordinary people's belief and practice.
Who was St. Charles Borromeo, Cardinal-Archbishop of Milan?