Matter, Energy, and Forces
Heat flows in this direction between objects of different temperatures.
What is from hotter objects to colder objects?
These subatomic particles are transferred to create charges.
What are electrons?
This is the maximum number of electrons in the first shell
What is two electrons?
Arrhenius theory says that an acid is this.
What is a substance that dissolves in water to form H+ ions?
This type of radioactive decay product is equivalent to a helium nucleus.
What is an alpha particle?
These two criteria are required in order for something to be considered matter.
What is anything that takes up space and has mass?
Coulomb's law says that this is the relationship between the magnitudes of charges and and the force between them.
What is a linear relationship--as charge magnitudes increase, so does the force between them?
This is the reason why Group 18 elements are unreactive gases.
What is having a full valence shell?
These are the neutralization products of combining HCl and CsOH.
What are H2O and CsCl?
This half of a certain type of chemical reaction is the loss of electrons.
What is oxidation?
This type of action is responsible for heat transfer in fluids, and it partially explains why glaciers melt at accelerating rates.
What is convection?
This explains why water is permanently polar.
What is the large electronegativity difference between O and H?
Group 17 elements are known as these.
What are halogens?
These two conditions are markers that a chemical reaction has reached equilibrium
What are constant amounts of reactants and products and equal rates of the forward and reverse reaction?
At a constant temperature, 250 mL of gas at 12 atm of pressure has this pressure when it is allowed to expand to 3L.
What is 1 atm?
The total amount of heat required to change an object's temperature depends on these variables.
What are mass, specific heat capacity, and change in temperature?
This behavior, as part of metallic bonding, explains why metals are good conductors.
What is delocalized electrons/the sea of electrons?
This type of bond forms between C (electronegativity of 2.6) and H (electronegativity of 2.2).
What is a nonpolar covalent bond?
This behavior explains why acetic acid is considered a weak acid.
What is incomplete/partial/reversible dissociation?
This number of oxygen molecules is required to stoichiometrically combust two mole of hexane (C6H14).
What are 19 moles of O2?
This branch of science studies how light interacts with matter and can be used to analytically determine the identity of unknown substances.
What is spectroscopy?
Despite being ionically bonded, certain compounds such as MgO do not dissolve in water for this reason.
What is the attraction between oppositely charged ions exceeding the respective attractions to water?
This is the chemical formula of aluminum sulfate
What is Al2(SO4)3?
What is accepting protons?
These assumptions of gas particles are made by Kinetic Molecular Theory to predict the behavior of ideal gases.
What are gas particles move with random, linear motion; gas particles do not experience intermolecular forces; gas particles have negligible volume; and gas particles are spaced extremely far apart?