Ecology
This rule of thumb states that only about this percentage of energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next highest level.
10% Rule
This vital organ system includes the stomach, intestines, and liver, working together to break down food and absorb essential nutrients.
Digestive System
This term describes organisms like fungi and bacteria that break down dead organic matter, recycling nutrients back into the soil.
Decomposers
Often called the "powerhouse of the cell," this organelle is the primary site of aerobic cellular respiration.
Mitochondria
According to DNA base-pairing rules, the nitrogenous base guanine (G) always pairs with this specific base.
Cytosyne (C)
This type of selected species is characterized by long life, low number of offspring, and a high level of this investment in their offspring.
k-selected species
During exercise, these two body systems work together—one increasing gas exchange at the lungs, and the other accelerating blood flow to transport those gases.
Respiratory and Circulatory systems
While a food chain shows a single, linear path of energy, this more complex diagram consists of many interconnected food chains reflecting a real ecosystem.
Food Webs
These tiny pores on the underside of a leaf act like cellular "mouths," opening and closing to regulate the exchange of CO2, O2, and water vapor.
Stomata
These organic compounds are the fundamental building blocks of all proteins
Amino Acids
Because they produce massive numbers of offspring but invest almost zero parental care into them, r-selected species typically exhibit this numerical type of survivorship curve.(I, II, or III)
Type III
These two systems work hand-in-hand to move your body: one acts as the rigid framework, while the other pulls on it to generate motion
Skeletal and Muscular
Because they occupy the very first trophic level and make their own food via photosynthesis or chemosynthesis, these organisms form the base of every food web.
Primary producers or Autotrophs
True or False: The sun is the only form of energy that can be used to make organic compounds (glucose)
False - Chemosynthesis is the biological process by which certain organisms use the chemical energy stored in inorganic molecules to produce food (carbohydrates), entirely without the use of sunlight.
This term describes the unfolding or misshaping of a protein due to extreme heat or pH changes, rendering it nonfunctional. (Denaturation or Polimerization)
Denaturation - the process by which a protein loses its specific, intricate three-dimensional shape, rendering it biologically inactive and incapable of performing its function.
When human factories and vehicles release sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides into the air, it reacts with water vapor to form this precipitation (rain) that lowers the pH of lakes and soils.
Acid rain
The digestive system breaks down nutrients, but this system relies on its specialized "nephrons" to filter the resulting metabolic wastes out of the blood.
Excretory or Urinary System
In a food web diagram, the arrows always point in this specific direction.
What is the direction of energy flow? (Accept: "from the organism being eaten to the organism eating it")
This negative interaction occurs when two or more organisms—either of the same or different species—fight over the exact same limited resource like food, water, or territory
Competition
This special class of proteins acts as biological catalysts, speeding up chemical reactions in the cell without being consumed in the process. (Polymerase or Enzyme)
Enzyme - a specialized protein that acts as a biological catalyst. Its primary job is to speed up chemical reactions inside living organisms
When human development splits vast, continuous ecosystems into smaller, isolated patches of land, it causes this type of ecological disruption that threatens interior-dwelling species.
Habitat fragmentation
While the nervous system sends fast electrical signals, this system works alongside it using slow-moving chemical hormones in the blood.
Endocrine System
Because toxins like heavy metals or microplastics cannot be easily broken down, their concentration increases at each higher step up the food web, a process known by this term. (Biodistribution or Biomagnification)
Biomagnification - the process where the concentration of a toxic substance, increases as it moves up a food chain or food web.
The classic relationship between a honeybee gathering nectar and a flower being cross-pollinated is an example of this mutually beneficial interaction. Both species benefit (Commensalism or Mutualism)
Mutualism - a type of ecology symbiotic relationship where both species benefit from their interaction with one another.
This type of strong covalent bond forms specifically between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another. (Hydrogen bond or Peptide bond)
Peptide bond