The World in 1750
True or false: Feudal Japan (The Tokugawa Shogunate until the Meiji Restoration) was welcoming to foreigners, especially Christian Europeans.
False
John Locke's "life, liberty, and property" and Jefferson's "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness" are both examples of which enlightenment concept?
Bonus: These philosophers also believed in a concept in which an invisible agreement exists between the people and the government. The people should remove their government if this concept is violated. Identify the name of this concept.
Natural Rights/Human Rights
Bonus: The Social Contract
This Caribbean Island was a French colony; the French exploited natives and enslaved Africans to produce cash crops such as sugar and coffee.
Bonus: This Enlightenment-era ideology asserts that slaves should be freed and have their natural rights protected by sovereign governments.
Haiti
Bonus: Abolitionism
This ideology, created by Adam Smith, prioritizes accumulation of capital, profits, and low government regulations/interference.
Bonus: Identify the name of the concept that asserts that there should be no government regulations at all regarding the economy.
Capitalism
Bonus: Laissez-faire
This Indian nationalist led numerous campaigns against British colonialism in the early 1900s, resulting in Indian independence in 1947.
Bonus: Identify the protest tactic that this person popularized and would later be used by figures such as MLK and Mandela.
Mohandas Ghandi
Bonus: Civil disobedience
Identify three technologies/new ideas that enabled oceanic exploration, trade, and colonialism.
Magnetic compass, astrolabe, lateen sail, three-masted ship, cartography, astronomical charts
This Englishwoman is one of history's most significant feminists. She argued that natural rights apply to woman and men equally, and she was a supporter of abolitionist causes.
Mary Wollstonecraft
This legal and political system was enacted by a French emperor in 1804; it was notable for being written in plain, accessible language and modernizing French law and governance, while also restricting the rights of women and making France a more patriarchal society.
Bonus: Name the only US state that still uses a heavily revised version of this system today.
The Napoleonic Code
Bonus: Louisiana
This ideology, created by Marx and Engels, asserts that the working classes (proletariat) should overthrow the wealthy (bourgeoise) and abolish private property.
Communism
This brutally racist and segregationist policy was implemented primarily by Boers/Afrikaners in South Africa in the mid-1900s and lasted until the 1990s.
Apartheid
This empire, located in modern day India, was known for its abundance of natural resources, advanced manufacturing, and religious diversity, including large Hindu and Muslim populations.
Mughal Empire
This former slave led the Haitian Revolution until his capture by the French and subsequent death in 1803.
Toussaint Louverture
This Prussian leader unified many German-speaking states in 1871. He was known for German nationalism, militarism (especially in competition with Great Britain), and leading Germany during the Scramble for Africa.
Bonus: Identify the meeting that this leader hosted to formalize the Scramble for Africa.
Otto Von Bismarck
Bonus: The Berlin Conference
This ideology can be a force for unity or division; it asserts that members of the same nation should have the right to govern themselves.
Nationalism
Identify the four MAIN causes of WWI.
Bonus: What region was known as the "Powder Keg" of Europe in the lead up to WWI?
Bonus bonus: Name four modern countries in this region.
Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, and Nationalism
Bonus: The Balkans
Bonus bonus: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia.
Identify the three continents that the Ottoman Empire spanned at its greatest extent.
Bonus: Identify four modern countries that used to be a part of the Ottoman Empire at its greatest extent.
Continents: Asia (Middle East), Africa (North), and Europe (Balkans)
Countries: Turkey, Greece, Saudi Arabia, Israel/Palestine, Syria, Jordan, Iraq, Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Morocco, Algeria, Serbia, Bosnia, Albania, Bulgaria, Moldova, Hungary
Napoleon Bonaparte (France), Frederick the Great (Prussia), Catherine the Great (Russia), and Peter the Great (Russia) are all examples of this type of monarch.
Enlightened despots
This 1899-1901 uprising in China was anti-foreign, anti-Christian, and anti-imperialist. It failed, but it led to a surge in Chinese nationalism that would endure.
The Boxer Rebellion
This ideology was a direct cause of WWII; it prioritizes ultra nationalism, ultra militarism, and the persecution of minorities.
Bonus: Identify four countries that adopted this ideology before/during WWII.
Fascism
Bonus: Germany, Italy, Japan, Austria, Brazil, Hungary, Croatia, France, Greece, Spain, Portugal, Romania
These Soviet reforms accidentally led to the dissolution of the empire in 1991.
Bonus: Identify their English meanings.
Glasnost and Perestroika
Bonus: "Openness/Transparency" and "Rebuilding/Restructuring"
This Ottoman policy granted religious minorities (Jews and Christians) a degree of local autonomy at the expense of potentially paying higher taxes than Muslims and demonstrating loyalty to the empire.
The Millet System
Before the Latin American Wars of Independence, Latin American society was divided into a strict hierarchy. Identify two positions one could occupy in this hierarchy. Hint: the correct answers are mostly Spanish terms.
Peninsulares, creoles, mestizos, mulattoes, and Native Americans/slaves
This southeast Asian nation was a French colony from 1887 to 1954; eventually, the French lost control of the colony, leading to an eventual war between the native people and the US, that the native people won.
Bonus: Name three modern countries that used to be a part of this colony.
Indochina
Bonus: Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos
This ideology rose in prominence during the era of decolonization; it asserts that nations throughout Africa should come together to form a unified government.
Bonus: There was a similar movement in the Middle East, led by figures such as Gamal Abdel Nasser, president of Egypt.
Pan-Africanism
Bonus: Pan-Arabism
These two trials were led by the Allies to bring war criminals to justice after WWII. One was in Germany, and one was in Japan.
The Nuremburg Trials and the Tokyo Trials