Enlightenment & Political Revolutions
This term describes a ruler who has complete, unrestricted power over their government and people, which Enlightenment thinkers strongly opposed.
What is an absolute monarch? (Accept: absolutism)
This term refers to the movement of people from rural farms to crowded cities during the Industrial Revolution.
What is urbanization?
This term describes a political system where a dictator controls every aspect of public and private life using terror and censorship.
What is totalitarianism?
This metaphorical term was used to describe the ideological division between democratic Western Europe and communist Eastern Europe.
What is the Iron Curtain?
Mohandas Gandhi famously used this non-violent strategy, which involves deliberately refusing to obey unjust laws to achieve a goal.
What is civil disobedience?
This intellectual movement in the 1700s emphasized reason, logic, and questioning traditional government authority.
What is the Enlightenment?
This economic system is based on private ownership, free markets, and the pursuit of profit with little government interference.
What is capitalism?
This was the slogan used by Vladimir Lenin to gain the support of the Russian peasants during the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution.
What is "Peace, Land, and Bread"?
This US foreign policy aimed to stop the global spread of communism without directly attacking the Soviet Union.
What is containment?
This vocabulary word means the legal separation of races, which was the official policy of South Africa until the 1990s.
What is apartheid?
This specific French document, inspired by the Enlightenment, stated that all men were born free and equal in rights.
What is the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen?
This economic system, advocated by Karl Marx, calls for a classless society where the government controls all property and factories.
What is communism? (Accept: Marxism)
This vocabulary word describes information, often biased or misleading, used by governments to promote a political cause or war effort.
What is propaganda?
This term describes a war where two superpowers fight each other indirectly by supporting opposing sides in smaller conflicts, like in Korea or Vietnam.
What is a proxy war?
This term describes the growing interdependence of the world's economies, cultures, and populations through trade and technology.
What is globalization?
This term describes a strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country, which sparked revolutions across Latin America.
What is nationalism?
This racist philosophy was used by Europeans to justify imperialism by claiming it was their "duty" to civilize non-Western people.
What is the White Man's Burden? (Accept: Social Darwinism)
This term refers to a government policy of giving into an aggressor's demands in order to avoid a larger military conflict
What is appeasement?
This term describes Eastern European nations that were officially independent but entirely controlled by the Soviet Union.
What are satellite states?
This environmental issue, caused by overgrazing and cutting down trees, describes the turning of fertile land into unusable desert.
What is desertification?
This Enlightenment concept, championed by Baron de Montesquieu, divides government power into three separate branches to prevent tyranny
What is the separation of powers? (Accept: checks and balances)
This term describes a region in China where a foreign nation controlled the trade and economic development during the 19th century.
What is a sphere of influence?
This word describes the deliberate and systematic destruction of a racial, political, or cultural group, such as the Holocaust.
What is genocide?
This was the name of the US economic aid package sent to rebuild Western Europe after WWII to prevent those nations from turning to communism.
What was the Marshall Plan?
This 1960s agricultural movement introduced high-yielding seeds and modern farming techniques to drastically increase food production in developing nations.
What was the Green Revolution?