Regular proteins
The sequence of residues in a polymer are called the _______ ________
primary structure
The local spatial arrangement of a polymer’s backbone atoms without regard to the conformations of its substituent side chains. α helices and β sheets are common secondary structural elements of proteins.
Secondary structures
Why are amyloid precursor proteins needed in the brain?
For cell signaling and neuronal plasticity
The accumulation of B-sheet structures that stack on each other and cause the formation of insoluble _____ _____
amyloid plaques
Since misfolded proteins typically develop B-sheet structures, what should have been the correct structure?
a-helical structures
The entire three-dimensional structure of a single-chain polymer, including that of its side chains.
Tertiary structure
These polypeptide subunits associate with a specifi c geometry. The spatial arrangement of these subunits is known as a protein’s
Quaternary structure
Why does Alzheimer's lead to atrophy of neurons and essentially their complete loss of function?
Diseased neurons no longer send signals
______ ______ prevents non-native folding, polypeptide aggregation, and precipitation of unfolded proteins.
Molecular chaperone
_______ ______functions to shield hydrophobic segments of newly synthesized and hence unfolded polypeptides to prevent their misfolding and aggregation
Trigger Factor
Ribosomal proteins play a role in protein folding by recruiting ______
chaperones
The enzymes that aid in creating normal protein fragments from amyloid precursor proteins are called _____, ______, and _______
α-secretase, β-secretase (BACE1), and γ-secretase
Why is periodontal disease associated with Alzheimer's Disease?
Oral bacteria can travel from the gums to the brain leading to chronic inflammation thereby accelerating amyloid plaque buildup
List two life factors that increase the likelihood of acquiring Alzheimer's disease?
Poor diet; lack of exercise; aging; head injury; improper oral hygeine