Regulation of gene expression refers to whether or not a gene's _________ is produced
Protein
100
What is the term for gene regulation where repressor proteins and co-repressor molecules bind to DNA to block RNA polymerase from binding to DNA and beginning transcription?
Repression
100
A permanent change in the base sequence of DNA
Mutation
100
type of point mutation where the amino acid could be changed to a different amino acid
Missense mutation
100
A mutant that has a nutritional requirement that was not present in the parent
Auxotroph
200
the term for when several genes are transcribed together with only one promoter
Operon
200
What is the operator site between?
Between the promoter and the genes
200
What are base substitutions that change on base pair in the DNA sequence?
Point Mutations
200
a point mutation where the amino acid could be changed to a stop codon
nonsense mutation
200
Only the mutants of interest grow and other cells (wild type and other mutant cells) die. What type of selection is this?
Direct Selection
300
Transcription begins when ____ ____________ binds to the _________ site on the DNA in front of the gene
Transcription begins when RNA polymerase binds to the promoter site on the DNA in front of the gene
300
What is the type of gene regulation that binds to a repressor protein, causing it to fall off the DBA, allowing transcription to occur?
Induction
300
What type of mutation inserts or removes nucleotides from the DNA sequence?
Frameshift mutations
300
The term for something similar to normal bases but they have different base pairing properties (causing point mutations)
Nucleoside analogs
300
All the cells grow and you have to check each colony to see if its the mutant you want. What type of selection is this?
Indirect selection
400
What does constitutively expressed mean referring to genes?
The genes are always transcribed and translated (so the proteins are always made). Enzymes that are always needed by the cell are expressed all the time
400
What type of gene regulation is described by a small molecule and a protein come together to push RNA polymerase and get it started to begin transcription?
Activation
400
The original sequence is called
wild type
400
What kind of DNA damage does ultraviolet light cause?
Thymine dimers
400
How often do spontaneous mutations occur?
1 in a billion base pairs
500
What does it mean when the gene's expression is regulated?
If the cell needs that protein, then the gene is turned on and transcribed and translated. If the cell does not need that protein, it is turned off and the protein is not made.
500
The activation protein and small molecule do NOT block ___ _________
RNA polymerase
500
mutation where the amino acid may not be changed
Silent mutation
500
A mutation in a bacterial cell caused a base pair to be switched from C to T, but did not change the amino acid. What type of mutation is this called?
Silent Mutation
500
A typical gene length is bacteria is _____ base pairs. One protein is ____ amino acids
A typical gene length is bacteria is 1000 base pairs. One protein is 300 amino acids