ice/heat
160-166 degrees
what is temp of hydroculator
1. spinal root impingement due to disc involvement and spinal stenosis
2. generalized hypomobility of spinal segments
3. muscle spasms
4. central or referred pain
what are indications of mechanical spinal traction?
deep ache, sharp pain or superficial burning
During the application of US, what types of feedback from a pt would indicate the need to reassess the parameters?
deep ache - speed up treatment
sharp pain - indication of intensity being too high
superficial burning - not enough gel
on the verge of becoming uncomfortable. short of breath / can speak short sentences
what is vigorous activity?
introduction of an current across the skin to excite nerve or muscle tissue
what is description of electrical stimulation?
6-8 layers
what is the amount of layers required when applying a hot pack
1. spinal infections
2. spinal cancer
3. rheumatoid arthritis
4. osteoporosis
5. recent fracture
6. for lumbar traction; hernia, uncontrolled hyper tension, aortic aneurysm, severe hemorrhoids
what are spinal traction contraindications?
Approximately 1/2-3x's size of sound head
what is the recommended treatment area of US?
to protect your health perform 150 minutes of moderate or 75 minutes of vigorous ex.
what are the 2018 physical guidelines for American's
avoid treating over anesthetic skin, avoid open wounds, avoid extreme edema, avoid heavy scarring or thick adipose tissue, do not place over laryngeal and pharyngeal, chronic use of corticosteroids, avoid current amplitudes that patients find very uncomfortable
what are precautions of electrical muscle stimulation?
1. acute injury or inflammation,
2. edema w/ elevation,
3. chronic painful conditions ex; osteoarthritis, adhesive capsulitis.
what are indications of using cryotherapy?
position cervical spine in 20-30 degrees of flexion to achieve neutral position.
what degrees of flexion should cervical traction be set at, to treat cervical spine below C-2?
2.5 - 5cm and 1-2.5cm
what is the frequency for 1mhz and 3.3 mhz US?
metabolic equivalent of task
what does MET stand for?
to restore force generation in ACL surgery, to reduce muscle inhibition, for patients with osteo and rheumatoid arthritis, maintain muscle health in peripheral nerve injuries, for pt's with bell palsy, reduce or prevent shoulder sublux following stroke, improve ROM and improve sensation in pt's with chronic stroke, improve bladder control, improve muscle and respirtory function in pts with COPD
what are the Indications for e-stim?
CBAN
what is the typical sequence of sensory experiences that an individual may experience with extreme cold sources?
10-45 lbs
What is the usual range of applied force in cervical traction?
1. increase blood flow,
2. increase metabolism in tissue heat is absorbed
3. increase extensibility of connective tissue
4. increase never conduction velocity
what are thermal effects of US?
revolutions per minute
what does RPM stand for?
can be uncomfortable, motor units are recruited synchronously which can cause muscle cramping and more fatigue than an active contraction,
What are the disadvantages of E-stim?
fever, infections, acute inflammatory conditions, cardiac instability, malignancies, acute bleeding, peripheral vascular disease
what are contraindications of MHP?
1. spinal nerve root impingement due to disc involvement ( bulging, herniation, protrusion) 2. spinal nerve root impingement due to spinal stenosis 3. hypomobility of of spinal segments 4. muscle spasms 5. pain (central of referred )
What are the Indication of spinal traction?
3 MHZ, 20%, .7w/cm2 5-10 minutes, 1.0 - 1.5 W/cm2,
What is optimal frequency and duration to receive max benefit from phono?
70+ RPM's
how hard should a PD pt exercise?
allows exercise when pt's can't perform actively, permits ex of type II motor units difficult to recruit voluntarily,
what are the advantages of E-stim?