Elements of Structure
San Francisco joining 17 other counties to create the Welfare Client Data Systems Consortium overseen by a board of directors
What is centralization?
When Code for America began, which approach of organizational effectiveness did they take?
What is the goal approach?
EBT card users who must be taken out of line at a grocery store and moved to a specially designated register experience this component of Administrative Burden.
What are psychological costs?
CfA belief that other county governments would model themselves after successful programs
What is Institutional Theory?
The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 called for states to design an automated data system to track public assistance recipients and left the implementation entirely up to the states themselves and represented this type of goal ambiguity.
What is Directive Goal Ambiguity?
the creation of official written SNAP intake forms, websites, and processes
What is formalization (or standardization)?
When Code for America ran out of funding, what approach of organizational effectiveness did they take?
What is the system resource approach?
By setting up getcalfresh.org, collecting application information in a user- friendly way and adopting the slogan “Apply in 10 minutes right here”, Guarino sought to limit this component of Administrative Burden
What are Learning Costs?
The WCDS consortium choosing to adopt BenefitsSF because of the cost of producing separate systems for each county
What is Transaction Cost Theory?
Administrators of other benefit programs refused to buy into the new CalWIN software, favoring their own applications, and representing this antecedent of goal ambiguity.
What are Competing Constituencies?
the Skunkworks avoided this by creating a simplified SNAP application form at getcalfresh.org without formal approval
What is hierachy?
When Code for America decided to reimagine Californias SNAP program, which organizational effecitveness model did they take?
What is the participant satisfaction model?
Benefit recipients who had to reapply and resubmit documentation after forgetting to complete a semi-annual check-in form experiences this component of Administrative Burden.
What are Compliance Costs?
A county's decision to bridge with others to create a consortium, while maintaining the power and authority to adopt individual policies
What is Resource Dependence Theory?
During development, the MyBenefitsCalWIN website became more complicated and less user friendly as more counties added their own requirements, representing this type of goal ambiguity.
What is Priority Goal Ambiguity?
The 2,500 person Human Services Agency of San Francisco, including its hierachy, rules, and authority
What is a bureacracy?
Based on the description of the SNAP office in California, Wright and Pandey would argue that employees are lacking what?
What is public service motivation?
Multiple California counties refusing to move from faxed to emailed .zip file application processing supports this theme of administrative burden by Herd and Moynihan.
What is: Burdens are Constructed?
The emergence of getfreshcal.org as a new entity due to external factors like technology change and public/private systems of actors
What is a Population Ecology Theory?
By engaging a team of Code for America fellows to apply their technical skills to CalFresh in 2012, the HAS Executive Director was able to work around this antecedent of goal ambiguity.
What is Managerial Capacity?
The Code for America focus on efficiency and measured analysis in designing mechanisms for government services
What is scientific management?
When deciding to redesign the SNAP system, which decision making process did CFA not follow.
What is institutionalism?
Less advantaged California SNAP recipients foregoing benefits because of difficulty navigating the application process represents this theme of administrative burden by Herd and Moynihan.
What is: Burdens are Distributive?
The Health Services Agency's hierarchical, bureaucratic, centralized structure and the Skunkworks participatory, decentralized, democratic structure are both examples of this
What is Contingency Theory?
When CfA set a 2016 goal of processing 10,000 to 20,000 applications, vs the 2007 CalFresh operative goal of “developing a network of community-based organizations to help people learn about and apply for benefits” they removed this type of goal ambiguity.
What is Evaluative Goal Ambiguity?