People
This person is the founder of Islam after receiving revelations from Allah via the angel Gabriel
Who is Muhammad?
This is one of the four original patriarchates in the Eastern Church
What are Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem?
Term for "Roman peace" that facilitated travel within the empire and allowed the empire to build infrastructure
What is Pax Romana?
The most famous Christian hermit
Who is Antony/Anthony?
This is the date of the destruction of Jerusalem
What is 70 CE?
This is the Roman emperor who made Christianity the official religion of the empire
Who is Theodosius?
This heresy denied that Jesus was human and saw matter as evil and spirit as good
What is Gnosticism?
This type of Christianity was distinguished by its unique haircut for monks (tonsure), a different date for Easter, and illuminated Christian manuscripts
What is Celtic Christianity?
This term refers to practices of austerity and self-denial (such as fasting and meditation) aimed at controlling the body for the sake of the soul
What is asceticism?
This event occurred in 325 CE and condemned Arianism
What is the (First) Council of Nicaea (Nicaea I)?
Pope known as "servant of the servants of God"
Who is Gregory I (the Great)?
This person claimed that Jesus was a creature (i.e., less than God), albeit the greatest creature
Who is Arius?
This Greek term means "same substance"
What is homoousios?
This document helped standardize Western monasticism
What is the Rule of St. Benedict?
This event (in 313 CE) authorized Christianity to be tolerated within the Roman Empire
What is the Edict of Milan?
This emperor presided over a robust Christian empire in law, culture, and architecture, seen by his (re-)building of the Church of the Hagia Sophia in Constantinople
Who is Justinian I?
This is the name of the Latin translation of the Bible that became the standard for Roman Christianity
What is the Vulgate?
This is the term for describing Mary as the "God-bearer" or "Mother of God"
What is theotokos?
This is the term for a communal form of monasticism
What is cenobitic (monasticism)?
Who is Charlemagne?
This Eastern Christian preacher/leader was known as the "golden-mouthed" one
Who is John Chrysostom?
This person claimed that Jesus had a human body with the divine mind (logos)
Who is Apollinaris (Apollinarius)?
This term refers to a pattern of Christian leadership centered on bishops
What is episcopacy?
Name one major reform movement within Benedictine monasticism
What is Cluniac or Cistercian (or Trappist)?
This event signaled the triumph of Roman Christianity among the Anglo-Saxons
What is the Synod of Whitby?