GROUP BEHAVIOUR
Three cognitive mechanisms of Social Identity Theory
Social categorization, social identification, and social comparison
One characteristic of an individualistic culture
Uniqueness is valued, speak one's mind, self is defined by achievement, self-actualization is a goal, privacy is important, and freedom/autonomy is valued
Which theory says that people prefer and are attracted to others who are like them in backgrounds, values, or traits?
Similarity Attraction
The healthiest and most effective communication style
Assertive communication
There is a lack of representativeness of the target population
Sampling bias
Define the Foot in the Door Technique
The psychological, somatic, and social difficulties that may accompany acculturation, often resulting in anxiety, depression and other problems.
Acculturative stress
A cognitive framework or mental schema, shaped through early interactions with the primary caregiver, that shapes how a person expects future relationships to work.
Internal Working Model
Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse
Criticism, Contempt, Defensiveness, Stonewalling
Participants under-report negative behaviors (like aggression or infidelity) and over-report positive traits to look favorable
Social desirability effect
When we conform because we don't know how we are expected to behave in a specific situation.
Informational Social Influence
The mistaken belief that all people from the same culture share the same traits/characteristics
Ecological fallacy
Name two attachment styles identified by Bowlby
Secure attachment, anxious-ambivalent a., anxious-avoidant a., disorganized a.
Social Penetration Theory argues that this is essential for a strong relationship
Self-disclosure
When discussing your relationship, you remember mostly the worst moments and don't remember that most of the time it was a good relationship.
The peak-end-rule
What are four ways that we reduce cognitive dissonance?
Change the behavior, change the belief, discredit the inconsistency, or justify the behavior
An approach to studying culture that focuses on the local culture and does not attempt to make universal generalizations
An emic approach
The part of the brain that psychologists believe oxytocin suppresses during the process of pair bonding.
Amygdala
Two physiological factors Gottman measured in his research on relationships
Galvanic skin response, heart rate, blood pressure
The tendency to gather evidence that confirms preexisting expectations, typically by emphasizing or pursuing supporting evidence while dismissing or failing to seek contradictory evidence
Confirmation bias
Cialdini’s six factors that influence the likelihood that people will comply with a request
Commitment, Authority, Reciprocity, Liking, Scarcity, Informational Social Influence
In Berry's Acculturation Model, when one has a positive relationship with both their new culture and their heritage culture
Integration
A decrease in this neurotransmitter may be responsible for the obsession thoughts characteristic of falling in love.
Serotonin
A study that looks at communication at the beginning of a relationship to determine its effect over time - and then measures the health of the relationships after several years, is what type of study?
A prospective study
When following couples in crisis over a number of years, those who end up resolving their problems leave your study.
Attrition bias/ survivorship bias