Relative pronouns
I had never seen a woman __________ could run so fast!
I had never seen a woman WHO / THAT could run so fast!
I was sitting on a chair which belonged to my grandmother.
DEFINING. Of all chairs, this one belonged to my grandmother.
The man who is wearing a black hat is a spy!
"Who" is the subject or object?
WHO - subject
Our friend Anthony works at the bar __________ Amy Whinehouse celebrated her last party.
1: Our friend Anthony works at the bar WHERE Amy Whinehouse celebrated her last party.
Sandra, __________ job as a hotel manager gives her many headaches, went to a spa last week.
Sandra, WHOSE job as a hotel manager gives her many headaches, went to a spa last week.
I know a man who played for Arsenal in the 80s.
DEFINING. Of all men, this one played for Arsenal.
The men who came with my father were his business partners.
"Who" is the subject or object?
WHO - SUBJECT
The garden is the part of the house _________ I love the most.
Complete the gap in two different ways and say if no pronoun ( - ) is possible.
The garden is the part of the house WHICH / THAT / - I love the most.
The book ____________ I read last week is fascinating. You must read it, too!
Is it possible to omit ( - ) the relative pronoun in this sentence?
YES! ...The book WHICH / THAT / - I read last week is fascinating. You must read it, too!
I love New Zealand, whose landscapes are simply spectacular.
NON-DEFINING. We are describing New Zealand - not distinguishing it from other "New Zealands".
The boy who I went out with is my cousin.
"Who" is the subject or object?
WHO - OBJECT
I'm going out with the girl ___ ___ working at her desk next to the door.
I'm going out with a girl (who/that is) working at her desk next to the door.
The book __________ I found the information is on the table.
The book WHERE I found the information is on the table.
The King of Spain, who loves sailing, participated in the Olympics.
NON-DEFINING. There is only one king of Spain.
The dog that's chasing the ball is a golden retriever.
"That" is the subject or object?
That - SUBJECT
The dog which/that is chasing the ball is a golden retriever.
The man which/that ___ stopping/stopped by the police was later named as Harry Jones.
The man _that was stopped_ by the police was later named as Harry Jones.
Mary, __________ lives in Scotland, hates the rain.
Which pronoun(s) is/are correct? Can we use "that" in this clause?
NO! Only "who" is right here. Mary, WHO lives in Scotland, hates the rain.
The king of England who created the Anglican Church was Henry VIII.
DEFINING: Of all kings of England in history, we want to talk about this one in particular.
The book I gave you was from my teacher.
"The book" is the subject or object in the relative clause?
Can we use a relative pronoun to introduce the clause here?
THE BOOK - OBJECT
Can we use a relative pronoun here? YES:
The book (which/that) I gave you was from my teacher.
I broke my hand playing/played tennis and I cannot do the exam, ______ is a big problem.
I broke my hand playing tennis and I cannot do the exam, which is a big problem.