Fundamentalism on a Global Scale
Creating Islamic Societies
Religious Alternatives to Fundamentalism
100
What is fundamentalism?
a militant piety
100
Islamic fundamentalism was an effort among growing numbers of Muslims to _____.
to renew and reform the practice of Islam and to create a new religious/political order centered on a particular understanding of their faith
100
Fethullah Gulen was a Turkish Muslim preacher and a _____.
scholar
200
Where did the term "fundamentalism" originate?
United States
200
Islamic renewal movements gained strength from ____. (give 1 example)
the enormous disappointments that had accumulated in the Muslim world; ex) conquest & colonial rule, awareness of huge technological & economic gap between Islamic & European civilizations, disappearance of Ottoman Empire, elite enchantment with Western culture, retreat of Islam for many to the realm of private life
200
Where did the movement known as “socially engaged Buddhism” take place?
Asia
300
Under what circumstances did the term "fundamentalism" emerge and what did these fundamentalists want to do?
religious conservatives were outraged by critical and “scientific” approaches to Christianity --> they called for a return to the “fundamentals” of the faith
300
What did the leading figures of the intellectual and political foundations of the Islamic renewal insist and argue?
insisted that the Quran and the sharia provided a guide for all of life and a blueprint for a distinctly Islamic modernity; argued that it was the departure from Islamic principles that had led to the decline of the Islamic world and subordination to the West
300
Who was Maha Ghonsananda?
a Buddhist monk
400
At first fundamentalist sought to _____ but then they ____
separate themselves from the secular world, but then they entered the political arena as the “religious right,” determined to return America to a “godly path"
400
How did ideas and organizations favoring the Islamization of public life echo across the Islamic world? (1 example)
more religiously observant, women adopted modest Islamic dress, increase in participation in Sufi mystical practices, government sought to anchor themselves in Islamic rhetoric and practice
400
Around how many countries did the Gulen Movement have its presence in?
about 100 countries
500
What was the ideology of Hindutva?
leaders of modern India sought to remake India in the Western image, while rejecting its basically Hindu religious character
500
Who were the Salafis and what was their understanding of Islam?
activists who sought to follow what they understood to be the example of the salaf; understanding of Islam was at odds with classical Islamic practice
500
What was 1 thing the Gulen Movement advocated for?
Interfaith and cross cultural dialogue, Multiparty democracy, Nonviolence, and modern scientifically based education for girls and boys alike
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