Scholarly Methods & Discovery's
This earliest Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible was used by the writers of the New Testament.
What is the Septuagint?
This Hebrew Bible name for God emphasizes His power as the Creator and Ruler.
What is Elohim?
This is the western region of the Arabian Peninsula where Mecca and Medina are located.
What is the Hijaz?
This physical copy or bound book of the Qur'an is distinguished from the oral recitation.
What is a Muṣḥaf?
This King built the first permanent Temple in Jerusalem as a house for Yahweh.
Who was Solomon?
These manuscripts, found near the Dead Sea, are the oldest physical copies of the Hebrew Bible.
What are the Dead Sea Scrolls?
In the Qur’an, this is the name for the Psalms revealed to King David.
What is the Zabūr?
Before it was renamed Medina ("The City"), this was the original name of the Prophet's destination.
What is Yathrib?
This scientific method was used to confirm that the Birmingham and Sana'a manuscripts are from the 7th century.
What is Radiocarbon Dating?
After Solomon’s death, the unified kingdom split; this was the name of the southern kingdom.
What is the Kingdom of Judah?
This term refers to the investigative study of religious texts to understand their historical origins.
What is Biblical Criticism?
This biblical figure "walked with God" and is often identified as the Prophet Idris in Islam.
Who is Enoch?
This powerful merchant tribe controlled the Ka’ba and the city of Mecca during Muhammad’s life.
Who are the Quraysh?
He was the primary scribe who led the first official collection of the Qur’anic verses.
Who is Zayd b. Thābit?
This King of Babylon destroyed the Temple in 586 BCE and began the period of Exile.
Who is Nebuchadnezzar?
This is the general name for Jewish literature that is falsely attributed to famous biblical figures.
What is Pseudepigrapha?
These "hidden" gospels contain stories of Jesus' childhood that parallel narratives in the Qur'an.
What are the Apocryphal/Infancy Gospels?
Modern Arabic script is believed to have evolved from this ancient writing system.
What is Nabataean script?
The third Caliph commissioned this official version of the text to ensure unity across the empire.
What is the Uthmanic codex?
This Persian King is called an "anointed one" for allowing the Jews to return and rebuild.
Who is Cyrus?
This German scholar is the founding father of Reform Judaism and studied the Jewish influence on the Qur'an.
Who is Abraham Geiger?
This term refers to stories from Jewish or Christian sources used by Muslim scholars to provide detail to the Qur'an.
What is Isrā’iliyyāt?
This term refers to the earliest period of Muhammad's ministry, which focused on spiritual oneness.
What is the Meccan period?
Found in Yemen in 1972, these are some of the oldest Qur'anic fragments ever discovered.
What are the Sana’a Manuscripts?
Many scholars believe this major section of the Hebrew Bible was compiled and edited during the Babylonian Exile.
What is the Torah?