Enlightenmment Philosophers
In Second Treatise of Government (1690), this philosopher argued that all individuals are born free and equal with natural rights to life, liberty, and property
John Locke
This social class comprised ~98% of pre-revolutionary France and bore the entire tax burden under the Ancien Régime
Third Estate
Before its revolution, the French Caribbean colony of Saint-Domingue (Haiti) was heavily populated by this group, making up 89% of its total population
Slaves
In A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792), this reformer argued that enlarging the female mind through education would end blind obedience to men
Mary Wollstonecraft
What is the name of Mr. Sayles's first pet?
In The Spirit of the Laws (1748), this thinker warned that uniting executive and legislative powers in one person creates tyranny, advocating for a separation of powers
Baron de Montesquieu
In 1789, representatives of the Third Estate broke away from the Estates-General and proclaimed themselves to be this new governing assembly
National Assembly
Enslaved workers in Saint-Domingue were directly influenced to revolt by hearing conversations about these French revolutionary words
Liberty, Freedom, and Justice
In 1791, this French author wrote the Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen to critique revolutionary leaders for excluding women from political reforms
Olympe De Gouges
What is Mrs. Sayles's real name?
Midnight
In The Social Contract (1762), this philosopher stated that individual power and freedom are bound by the general political will of the majority
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
This 1789 revolutionary document declared that all men are born free and equal in rights, protecting civil liberties such as freedom of speech and press
Declaration of the Rights of Man
This formerly enslaved military leader organized revolutionary forces and led the struggle that won independence for Haiti in 1804
Toussaint L'Ouverture
Applying Enlightenment moral logic, this British leader determined he would never rest until he achieved the legislative abolition of the transatlantic slave trade
William Wilberforce
Where does Mr. Sayles go to Grad School?
Utica University
According to John Locke, a government derives its political legitimacy directly from this principle
Consent of the Governed
This Jacobin leader justified state violence during the Reign of Terror by claiming that terror was an application of prompt, severe democratic justice
Maximilien Robespierre
In August 1789, enslaved workers on this Caribbean island sent a collective letter to the French governor demanding the liberty they had gained through centuries of suffering
Martinique
In 1945, Vietnamese leader Ho Chi Minh justified anti-colonial resistance by directly quoting from this 1776 American document
Declaration of Independence
How many siblings does Mr. Sayles have?
2: Both brothers
This French philosopher advocated fiercely for absolute freedom of speech and expression during the Enlightenment
Voltaire
Horrified by the execution of King Louis XVI, this absolute monarch of Russia abandoned earlier enlightened reforms and imposed Russia's first system of censorship
Catherine the Great
In 1804, Haiti achieved historical significance by becoming the first independent state in Latin America and the Caribbean to completely end this practice
Slavery
Adopted by the United Nations in 1948 following the Holocaust, this document codified Enlightenment principles by establishing universal rights to life, liberty, and security
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
What is Mr. Sayles's favorite color?
Yellow