Hinduism
What was the past name for Hinduism?
Sanathana Dharma
What is name for the authors of the Vedas?
Rishis
What was the tree that the prince meditated under?
Bodhi Tree
Buddhism's main teaching is to give up on everything.
(True or False)
False
Buddhists believe that reaching enlightenment is the key to escaping the evils of life.
True
Who was the freedom leader of India who criticized the idea of hierarchy and discrimination of the caste system?
Mahatma Gandhi
Historians have learned that only the Mohenjo-Daro citizens, the people of the Indus valley, were a group of people who built highly organized cities.
(True or False)
False
Who is Siddhartha's mother and state an event she encountered...
Queen Maya was the respectable mother of Gautama. When she was dreaming, she saw herself carried high over the Himalayas to a silver mountain and set on a silver couch. A white elephant with six tusks walked around her and then struck her in the right side.
What are 3 examples of the Eight Fold Path?
Answers may vary between the eight examples
Right Action
Right understanding
Right effort
Right speech
Right Purpose
Right Way to earn a living
Right mindfulness
right concentration
What is the Brahman?
Brahman is believed to be the divine force that controls everything. It is said to be superior than anything and is the only thing that exists forever. Everything else in the world changes, from the passing seasons to all living things that eventually die.
What are the three deities and their lovers/partners?
(Short Answer)
Brahma - Saraswati
Vishnu - Lakshmi
Shiva - Shakti
What were the three priestly groups in the Vedic Period?
Brahmins
Valmiki
Vyasa
What are the three forms of suffering? How did the prince find out about them?
The three forms of suffering are aging, sickness, and death. When the prince was outside with his driver, he saw a thin man walking with the aid of a stick. When he asked the chariot driver what has happened, his driver explained that it was because of aging. On the second trip, the prince and his driver saw a man lying on the ground, crying out in pain. The driver explained that the man was sick. On the third trip, the prince spotted a group of people walking slowly down the road and carrying a corpse. His driver explained that death will come for anyone. This was how the prince found out about the three sufferings.
What happened when Gautama was meditating? Who was the evil god who tried to persuade him and how did he do it? What happened after?
Then Mara sent his three daughters. Discontent, Passion, and Desire tried to tempt Siddhartha, but he resisted them all. He continued to meditate through the rest of the night about the nature of reality and the way to reach nirvana. At night, his mind filled with the truths he had been seeking. He saw his past lives, the great cycle of rebirth, and the importance of karma. He saw how to gain freedom from the continuous cycle, and therefore end all suffering. By morning, the young prince had become the Buddha, the Awakened One. He had reached enlightenment.
Buddhism was developed _____ Hinduism. It was founded by _______, or the Awakened One. Buddhism teaches of how to escape suffering. The three forms of suffering are ______,________, and _______.
1. after
2. Buddha
3. aging
4. sickness
5. death
What are the four main social classes of Hinduism? What role did they play in the community?
(Elaborate)
Brahmins (priests, scholars, educators)
Kshatriyas (rulers, warriors)
Vaishyas (merchants, artisans, farmers)
Shudras (servants, laborers)
What were the different religious sects that developed in the medieval period and who do they devote to?
Vaishnavism (devotion to Vishnu)
Shaivism (devotion to Shiva)
Shaktism (devotion to Shakti)
What is an ascetic? What did Siddhartha do after?
After encountering the three stages of suffering, the prince felt afraid of having to experience them. Then, he saw an ascetic. He asked the person how they're so calm with all the pain around them. The person replied that avoiding basic worldly necessities would make him find peace by helping others find peace. These words motivated the prince to become an ascetic and give up on worldly pleasures, and find enlightenment.
What are the Four Noble Truths?
The Four Noble Truths
What is the Ramayana? How did the belief affect the traditions of Hinduism? What did the people do because of the Ramayana?
Ancient Hindu sacred texts often describe deities and their battle with evil. One famous story is found in the Ramayana. It tells of Rama's fierce battle with Ravana, a demon king. For many Hindus, the Hindu New Year is celebrated at the Diwali. The lamps are symbols of good (light) winning over evil (darkness). They are often said to represent Rama's triumph over the evil Ravana and, for some, the start of the Hindu New Year.
What is the impact of Hinduism on social classes? What happens if you don't follow the rules of your social class? Who was the person that defied all those things?
There are four social classes, Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and Shudras all have a role to serve in their daily lives. If the people followed the social class, they are known to be serving the community in the right way. If the people didn't follow their social rules, then they would be renowned as 'deceitful to the society, thus becoming the Untouchables. Then, a man named Mahatma Gandhi defied that the social classes don't identify who we are and what we stand for and disagreed that following the social rules would make the community better.
What is the Bhakti movement what what impact did it leave on Hinduism? (Elaborate)
The Bhakti movement changed how people experienced Hinduism. During the Bhakti movement, every people of the social class were encouraged to worship Hinduism regardless of their status. It emphasized that God treated everyone equally. During the movement, the women's position in society also changed. Women had less rights than men did and they had less options of jobs. They could own personal wealth but not property like homes. But during the Bhakti movement, the women had roles to be poet-saints and some wrote about the struggles they have faced throughout their lives. These changes created during the Bhakti movement changed how people practice Hinduism.
What happened to Siddhartha when he tried to find enlightenment? What did he do in order to make things easier? What impact did it do on his relationships?
As the prince tried to find nirvana by giving up on his necessities, his health became unstable and he found out that he wasn't happy with the way he was living, so be decided to take the middle path- a path which balances meditation and other basic necessities. But this belied angered some ascetics, and they left Siddhartha, thinking that he would never achieve anything by twisting the rules of being an ascetic.
What are the Eightfold Paths?
Give ALL examples and explain:
Right understanding (understand the Four Noble Truths)
Right effort (do good things to prevent evil things)
Right speech (do not lie or gossip, be truthful with what you say)
Right Action (do not kill, steal, or lie)
Right Purpose (live a life of selflessness, love, and non-violence)
Right Way to earn a living (have a job that doesn't include harming living things)
Right mindfulness (be aware, but not attached to your feelings)
right concentration (focus your mind with patience and meditation)
Hindus believed in deities, and it played a huge role in Hinduism. Who are the deities that we have read? Explain how people devote to the deities.
The deities that we have read about are Brahma, Saraswati, Vishnu, Lakshmi, Shiva, and Shakti. To honor their deities, ancient Hindus held elaborate rites and sacrifices outdoors. In later Hindu times, as Indian civilization developed and cities grew, people began to build massive temples for worship. Today, many modern Hindu temples are modeled after the ancient principles used to design those early temples. Hindus today may pray in a temple, at a personal home altar, or anywhere else they may choose. Rites were believed to help the worshipper focus on Brahman, using every sense.