Vocabulary
a piece of land under a person’s control
what is a fiefdom?
the 3 principles feudalism was based on
what are land, loyalty, and duty?
- a strong defender of the Roman Catholic Church, although he argued against its involvement in worldly concerns.
- believed that the role of the Church was to teach and support faith and that faith was a necessary part of human life.
- thought that students should be taught to discover, reason, argue, and apply their knowledge
who is Erasmus?
is one of the best-known Renaissance painters; introduced many new techniques, one of which being the technique of sfumato, the intentional blurring of lines
who is Leonardo da Vinci?
an extended family, with father, mother, children, grandparents, and unmarried or widowed aunts and uncles all living in one household.
a system in which people were given land and protection by people of higher rank, and worked and fought for them in return
what is feudalism?
killed millions of Europeans from 1346-1350, caused severe labour shortages on manors and many feudal estates went bankrupt
what is the "Black Death"/Bubonic Plague?
a French philosopher who believed that people should behave honourably, respecting both themselves and others. He believed that friendship, love, and courage should form the basis of human actions.
who is Michel de Montaigne?
a Polish mathematician and astronomer who used mathematics and careful observations to develop a different theory about the universe.
who is Copernicus?
most marriages, outside of lower class, were this
what is arranged?
a system of thought that centres on humans and their values, potential, and worth; concerned with the needs and welfare of humans
what is humanism?
these laws controlled how people spent their money; what people of different classes could wear
what are sumptuary laws?
best known for discovering and translating ancient classical Greek and Roman texts and promoting their study; Italy’s first great humanist scholar and writer
who is Petrarch?
the factors that contributed to the slow progress of science during the Middle Ages (list at least 3)
- Religion put the focus on the afterlife; scientific questioning was discouraged.
- Europe was still steeped in superstition; most people believed in astrology, magic, and witchcraft.
- Wealthy patrons were more interested in sponsoring the arts, so there was little money left over for people interested in scientific discovery.
- European universities focused on classical liberal arts education; little attention was given to the study of science and mathematics.
factors that contributed to the success of the city-states?
what are:geography, climate, leadership, social organization
the artistic technique of showing depth and three- dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface
what is perspective?
the 3 reasons Renaissance Ideas did not spread beyond Italy until the end of the 15th century
what are feudalism, war, and religion?
the texts humanists often studied
what are the ancient texts of Greece and Rome, and ancient Christian texts?
The French mathematician who wrote books on trigonometry and geometry. His work was built on the ideas of Islamic scholars
who is François Viète?
the city-state whee most of the banking occurred?
what is Florence?
an opinion against the beliefs of a given religion
what is heresy?
the time period during which Europeans began to settle different parts of the world.
what is the Age of Exploration?
believed lawyers should study the texts in the original Latin and ignore the interpretations
who is Guillaume Budé?
was the first to use perspective, designed the octagonal dome of the Florence Cathedral
who is Filippo Brunelleschi?
became the largest ship- building centre in Europe
what is The Venice Arsenal?